中国儿童医疗卫生福利体系的历史性考察:1949—1978

Historic Investigation of China’s Child Health Welfare System from 1949 to 1978

医疗卫生福利是中国儿童福利的重要内容。1949—1978年,中国儿童医疗卫生福利体系具有制度保障,也有相对系统的服务建设。从提供服务的主体来看,主要有儿童保健机构、儿童医院及基层医疗卫生组织;从内容来看,主要有儿童保健、儿童医疗、儿童卫生等。该时期,中国儿童医疗卫生福利基本上实现了制度全覆盖,尤其是合作医疗制度提升了儿童生活质量,提高了儿童保健公益性和可及性。它秉承积极预防的理念,采取中西医结合的治疗方式,较充分发挥了基层卫生组织及相关人才的作用,对目前中国儿童医疗卫生福利的建设具有较强的启示和借鉴意义。当然,该体系也存在着制度保障发展不均衡及医疗卫生服务水平较低等问题。

Medical and health welfare is an important part of children’s welfare in China,From 1949 to 1978,China’s children’s medical and health welfare system has institutional guarantees and relatively systematic service construction.From the perspective of the main providers of services,there are mainly child health institutions,children’s hospitals and primary health care organizations.From the content point of view,there are mainly child health care,child care,and child health.During this period,children’s medical and health benefits have achieved full coverage of the system.In particular,the cooperative medical system has improved the quality of life of children,and the public welfare and accessibility of children’s health has improved.It adheres to the concept of active prevention and adopts a combination of Chinese and Western medicine.Give full play to the role of grassroots health organizations and related talents,and have a strong enlightenment for the construction of children’s medical and health benefits;Of course,the system also has problems such as uneven development of institutional guarantees and low levels of medical and health services.