人的多元性是政治的基础——论阿伦特政治哲学的基本立意及困难

Plurality as the Foundation of Politics:The Basic Idea and Difficulty of Arendt's Political Philosophy

捍卫人的多元性是阿伦特政治思想的重要指向。阿伦特从对总体性政治暴力的反思中,回归到人的多元性,指出多元性是言语和行动的条件,是社会公共领域显现的条件,是政治的基础。极权主义用历史的时间去概括和规定每个个体;用暴力代替权力,用工具代替交互协商和行动话语。它扼杀了每个具体的生命经验和思考。只有回归个体的经验和时间,回归个体的行动和言语,才能回归真正的多元性,进而导向个体自由以及善的政治,保障人类的良知和尊严。多元性带着不确定性、不稳定和危险性,但我们不能因此而放弃多元性去寻求极权主义的稳定。

Defending human plurality is the important starting point and d irection of Arendt's political thought.Arendt focuses on the plurality of individuals from his reflection on the totalitarianism.Plurality is the condition of speech and action,the condition of social public sphere,and the basis of politics.Totalitarianism uses historical time to generalize and define each individual;violence instead of power,tools instead of interactive negotiation.It stifles every concrete life experience and obscures conscience.Only by returning to the individual's experience and time,to the individual's speech and actions,can we return to the true plurality,and then guide the individual's freedom and good politics,and safeguard the human conscience and dignity.Plurality carries uncertainty,instability and danger.But we can't give up plurality to seek the stability of autocracy and totalitarianism.