朝鲜实学派学者对高句丽建国时间的认识与影响

The Understanding and Influence of Korean Practical School Scholarson Founding Time of Gaogouli

高句丽建国于西汉建昭二年(公元前37年),这是《三国史记》中明确记载的,但是因为中原正史文献中对汉代高句丽县的记载,使得朝鲜时期一些实学派学者将高句丽建国前的民族史也都划归于高句丽国祚之中,将高句丽的民族起源史视作国家政权的开端,因此便大幅提前了高句丽建国的时间。其中,最具代表性的便是申景濬在《旅菴全书》中倡导的“高句丽在汉武帝建汉四郡以前存在说”、韩致奫在《海东绎史》中倡导的“两高句丽说”,以及安鼎福等在《东史纲目》中继承的《三国史记》中记载的“高句丽‘有国九百年’说”。这些将高句丽建国时间向前延伸的认识,对于近当代韩国和朝鲜学界影响尤甚,甚至也影响了部分中国学者的观点。

Gaogouli was founded in the second year of Jianzhao in the Western Han Dynasty(B.C.37).This is clearly recorded in the San guo Shi ji,but because of the Central Plains official history of the Han Dynasty Gaogouli County records,some scholars of the practical school in the Korean period attributed the national history of Gaogouli before the founding of the country.Regarding the history of Gaogouli national origin as the beginning of state power,which greatly advanced the time of the founding of Gaogouli.One of the most representative is the theory that"Gaogouli existed before Han Wudi established the four prefectures of the Han Dynasty advocated by Shen Jingjun in the Lv'an Quanshu"The theory of two Gaogouli"advocated by Han Zhiyuan in Haidong Yishi;and"the theory of Gaogoli'nine hundred years of existence'"recorded in the SamgukSagi inherited by An Dingfu in the DongshiGangmu.These understandings,which extend the founding time of Gaogouli,have a great influence on the academic circles of South Korea and North Korea in modern times,and even influenced the views of some Chinese scholars.