明清时期“且”字祈使句研究

Study of Imperative Sentence Marked by "qie" in Ming and Qing Dynasties

祈使句“且+VP”以“且”字为标记,盛行于明清时期,现代汉语阶段渐趋罕见。该祈使句式在句法结构、语义模式、语用功能上都呈现出了较为鲜明的特点。明清“且”字祈使句为显性祈使句,主语以第二人称代词为主,谓语以各种类型的动词短语为主;其主要语义模式为“主使者+祈使语+受使者+祈使行为”,其中祈使行为是必不可少的,该句式对主语和谓语动词的语义选择情况不同所呈现的褒贬感情色彩也各异;明清“且”字祈使句主要表达建议、商量、劝诫、请求以及禁止等语用功能,这五种语用功能之间的语力级差强弱程度不等。

In the synchronic level,this paper comprehensively discusses the syntactic structure of the imperative sentence marked by the adverb"qie"in Ming and Qing Dynasties,analyzes the semantic pattern and the semantic selection of the subject and predicate verb,and reveals the pragmatic characteristics,the pragmatic functions,such as suggestion,consultation,exhortation,request and prohibition,and the differences of locutionary force in express ion.After the late Qing Dynasty.