谢灵运《山居赋》“慕”“椹”考

“慕”(Mu)and“椹”(Shen)in Xie Lingyun's Ode to Mountain Dwelling

谢灵运《山居赋》中“慕椹高林”一语难解。“慕”各注本均未解释,按“慕”当通“募”,意思是求取(菌菇),求取的方法是伐倒树木人工培育。据此知,中国浙江一带的民众在南北朝时已经开始人工培育菌菇;“椹”指菌,通“蕈”,这种通假在近代浙江方志中还能看到,现代南方方言中仍有留存。除“椹”之外,文献中“蕈”的音近假借字还很多,文章试从文字学的角度分析这些通假产生的原因。

The phrase of“慕椹高林”(literally,“admire mulberry high woods”)in Xie Lingyun's Ode to Mountain Dwelling is perplexing.“慕”(mu)is not explained in any annotated editions.This paper holds that“慕”is interchangeable with“募”(mu),meaning“in seek of(mushrooms)”,with the method of cutting down the trees and artificially nurture mushrooms.This points to the historical fact that people in Zhejiang started to nurture mushrooms artificially as early as in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.“椹”(shen)means“mushroom”,and is interchangeable with“蕈”(xun),which can be found in modern Zhejiang local records,and is observable in contemporary southern dialects.Apart from“椹”,many more words are found in a diversity of documents that are almost homophonic to and interchangeable with“蕈”.The article attempts to find out the causes of this interchangeability from the perspective of philology.