明清陕西四大书院与关学

Four Academies in Shaanxi in Ming and Qing Dynasties and Guanxue

关学是中国理学史上著名的学术流派,具有八百多年的发展历史。关学之所以绵延久远,一个重要的原因是凭借书院教育来传播和发展。明代陕西有书院六十多所,而清代陕西仅新建书院就一百多所。其中,尤以明代的弘道书院、关中书院和清代的味经书院、正谊书院传播关学最为有力。这四所书院在传播关学的过程中,吸收了关学的基本精神——“求实作风”,从而形成了自己的书院精神,最终使它们成为其所处时代最为知名的书院。这种书院精神是典型的人文精神,十分重视人格教育,对我们今天的大学教育也不无借鉴价值。

Guanxue was a famous academic school in the history of Chinese Neo-Confucianism,with more than 800 years of history.One of the important reasons for the long history of Guanxue is that it spread and developed by virtue of academy education.In the Ming Dynasty,there were more than 60 academies in Shaanxi,while in the Qing Dynasty,there were more than 100 new academies in Shaanxi.Among them,the Hongdao Academy and Guanzhong Academy in Ming Dynasty and the Weijing Academy and the Zhengyi Academy in Qing Dynasty spread Guanxue most effectively.In the process of spreading Guanxue,these four academies absorbed the basic spirit of Guanxue—“Seeking truth from facts”,and formed their own academy spirit,which eventually made them the most famous academies in their times.This kind of academy spirit is a typical humanistic spirit,which attaches great importance to personality education,and is valuable to our university education today.