从活动到运动:1919年报刊所见“五四”事件的管控与演进

From Activity to Movement:Control and Development of the“May 4th”Event Seen in Newspapers and Periodicals in 1919

1919年5月4日,北京高等专科以上学生组织发起了一场“外争国权,内除国贼”的爱国活动,初衷是向社会昭示:在国家危亡之际,“国民”有“稍为国家效力”和采取行动的权利,并以此声援政府。由于北洋政府当局管控不当,活动逐渐偏离预计轨道而发展成一场席卷全国的爱国运动,并最终成为影响中国社会发展的重大历史事件。检视当局应对举措与民众互动经过情形,不仅能加深对这一事件发展演变历程的认识与理解,而且还可为我们提供有益思考和启迪。

On May 4,1919,the students of higher schools in Beijing launched a patriotic activity of“fighting for sovereignty outside,punishing the traitors inside”.Its original intention was to show the society that“citizens”have the right to“serve the country a little bit”and support the government when the country was in danger.Due to the improper management and control by the Beiyang government,the activity gradually deviated from the planned track and developed into a patriotic movement across the whole country,and eventually became a significant historic event affecting the development of Chinese society.Studying the measures taken by the authorities to handle the event and the interaction between the authorities and the public can not only deepen our understanding of the development of the event,but also provide us with useful thinking and inspiration.