近代法国“国家民族”的理念探析——基于厄内斯特·勒南的文本和语境考察

Exploring the Idea of State-Nation in Modern France: An analysis of Ernest Renan's Text and Its Context

在现代政治的历史叙事中,“政治民族”与“文化民族”的概念并不一致,其理念发展亦不同步。这在近代欧洲由传统民族到现代民族主义的过渡进程中尤为显著,法德两国各自秉持的民族理念不仅在思想、舆论与外交中产生交锋,还直接深入到普法战争的历史语境。厄内斯特·勒南作为法兰西民族主义的捍卫者,不但对政治上的“民族”概念进行溯源,驳斥德国方面的民族标准,而且框定了一种“国家民族”的理念。后者不仅重塑了普法战争后法国公众与知识分子的政治认同,还缔造了“国家”与“民族”的锁合机制,形成了领土空间基础上的爱国主义公民共同体。这其中,政治意愿是关键一环。它一方面关联着历史上的遗产与记忆,另一方面形塑了未来性的政治共识。

In the historical narrative of modern politics,the concepts of“political nation”and“cultural nation”are not consistent,with each having its own pace of conceptual development.This is particularly evident in the transition from traditional nation to modern nationalism in modern Europe,where the respective national ideals of France and Germany have not only been competing in thoughts,media and diplomacy,but have also penetrated directly into the historical context of the Franco-Prussian War.Ernest Renan,as a defender of French nationalism,not only traced the political concept of nation and refuted the German standard,but also framed the idea ofétat-nation(state-nation).The latter not only reshaped the political identity of the French public and intellectuals after the Franco-Prussian War,but also created a mechanism that interlocked the state and the nation,thus creating a community of patriotic citizens based on territorial space.Political will is a key part of this.On the one hand,it relates to historical heritage and memory,and on the other,it shapes a political consensus on futurism.