长期护理保险制度国际经验与反思——以日本、德国、美国为例

International Experience and Reflection of Long-term Care Insurance System——Taking Japan,Germany and the United States as Examples

随着老龄化加剧,我国建立长期护理保险制度具有必要性和紧迫性。部分发达国家对长期护理保险的探索起步早,制度体系较为成熟,对我国具有借鉴意义。选择日本、德国、美国的长期护理保险制度为研究对象,从制度建立背景入手,对参保范围、资金筹集、待遇给付、管理体系等具体制度设计进行梳理对比,总结三个国家制度设计的特点、经验与不足,并结合我国国情提出发展长期护理保险的思考和建议。

With the aggravation of aging,it is necessary and urgent to establish long-term care insurance system in China.In some developed countries,the exploration of long-term care insurance started early,and the system is relatively mature,which has reference significance for China.This paper selects the long-term care insurance system of Japan,Germany and the United States as the research object.Starting from the background of the system establishment,this paper combs and compares the specific system design of the coverage,fund-raising,treatment payment and management system,summarizes the characteristics,experience and shortcomings of the system design of the three countries,and puts forward the thinking and suggestions for the development of long-term care insurance in combination with China's national conditions.