高寒区管道运行维护技术现状综述

Status Overview of Operation and Maintenance Technology of Pipeline in Extremely Cold Region

中俄原油管道是中国第一条穿越高寒区的大型管道工程。高寒区管道运行维护面临的主要问题是冻土地质灾害、低温维抢修和腐蚀防护等。中国缺少高寒区管道运行维护实践经验,而加拿大、美国和俄罗斯已在高寒冻土区建设多条油气管道。国内外高寒区管道运行维护面临的推荐做法包括实施管道冻胀融沉防治和位移监测,定期进行管道内检测评估管道状况,研制冻土、沼泽特殊环境专用维抢修设备,应用无人机巡线和牺牲阳极阴极保护等。未来高寒区管道设计建设的发展方向是全生命周期免维抢、设备远程控制和数字化管理。借鉴国外管道先进实践经验有助于提升中国高寒区管道运行维护技术水平,并为中俄东线管道项目提供借鉴。

Sino-Russia crude oil pipeline is the first large scale pipeline project in China crossing the extremely cold region.The main challenges facing pipeline operation and maintenance in this extremely cold region are permafrost geological disaster,maintenance and emergency repair under low temperature environment and corrosion protection etc.Although China lacks actual experience in pipeline operation and maintenance in cold region,Canada,USA and Russia have built and operated a number of oil and gas transmission pipelines in the permafrost regions.In this paper,the recommended practices for pipeline operation,and maintenance at home and abroad were introduced,such as the implementation of pipeline frost heave and thaw settlement prevention and displacement monitoring,the regular pipeline internal inspection and evaluation of pipeline conditions,the development of special maintenance and repair equipment for special environment as frozen soil and swamp,the application of UAV line patrol and sacrificial anode cathodic protection.In future,the way forward on pipeline design and development in extremely cold region is in the direction of free from maintenance over the whole life span,remote control of equipment and digital management.Learning from international leading edge practical experience is a useful means to elevate the capability of operation and maintenance of pipeline in the extremely cold region in China,and to provide reference for Sino-Russia East Pipeline project.