我国在全球价值链重构中面临的挑战和机遇 ——基于中美贸易摩擦视角

Challenges and Opportunities for China in the Reconstruction of Global Value Chains—Based on the Perspective of Sino-US Trade Frictions

中美贸易冲突进入战略相持阶段,贸易摩擦导致全球贸易秩序和地缘政治秩序重组,引发了全球价值链重构。贸易摩擦加大价值链环境的不确定性,是我国在全球价值链重构中面临的主要挑战,而升级产业结构、提升在全球价值链中地位,是我国的机遇。本文以中美贸易摩擦为切入点,对企业的价值链效应做出数据挖掘和趋势研判,为政府和企业应对挑战、把握机遇提出了政策建议。研究发现,中美在全球价值链体系中应合作共赢而非竞争对立。政府应打破价值链规则的固化、稳定国内价值链环境,企业应提高自身抗风险能力以应对挑战。政府应改善税收结构、拓展国内价值链空间、贯彻“中国制造2025”战略,企业应提升核心竞争力、助力经济转型和教育的供给侧改革,以把握机遇。

The trade conflicts between China and the United States has entered the stage of strategic stalemate.Trade frictions have triggered the restructuring of global trade order and geopolitical order,and led to the reconstruction of global value chains.The uncertainty of China s value chain environment caused by trade frictions is the main challenge China faces.Promoting the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure and enhancing our position in the global value chains is our opportunity.This paper takes the current Sino-US trade situation as the entry point,and conducts data mining and trend research on the value chain effect of enterprises.We put forward policy suggestions for the government and enterprises to deal with challenges and seize opportunities.The study found that China and the United States should cooperate rather than confront each other in the global value chains.The government should break the stationary value chain rules and stabilize the domestic value chain environment,and enterprises should improve their risk resisting capabilities to cope with challenges.The government should improve the tax structure,expand the domestic value chain,and implement the“Made in China 2025”strategy.Enterprises should improve their core competitiveness,promote economic transformation and supply-side reform of education to seize opportunities.