黄河合阳至大荔段湿地越冬水鸟群落多样性初步研究

Preliminary Study on Diversity of Wintering Waterfowl Communities in Wetlands of Heyang to Dali Section of the Yellow River

2016年至2018年每年的12月,在黄河合阳至大荔段湿地,对越冬水鸟进行了调查和研究。研究结果表明,在该河段共记录越冬水鸟45种,隶属于8目13科31属,其中,有国家一级保护鸟类2种,分别为黑鹳(Ciconia nigra)和大鸨(Otis tarda),有国家二级保护鸟类3种,分别为大天鹅(Cygnus cygnus)、灰鹤(Grus grus)和白琵鹭(Platalea leucorodia);在45种越冬水鸟中,雁形目鸭科(Anatidae)物种的数量最多,为17种;调查区水鸟群落的优势种为绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)、绿翅鸭(Anas crecca)、赤麻鸭(Tadorna ferruginea)、白骨顶(Fulica atra)和灰鹤;2016年12月与2017年12月的水鸟群落相似性指数最高;2017年12月水鸟群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(3.658)和Pielou均匀性指数(0.732)都相对最大,2018年12月水鸟群落的Margalef丰富度指数(7.328)相对最大;人类活动对水鸟的干扰强度以弱干扰强度为主,黄河合阳至大荔段湿地的生态环境在不断改善。

In December 2016,2017 and 2018,the wintering waterfowl communities in the wetlands of Heyang to Dali section of the Yellow River were surveyed and studied.The results showed that there were 45 waterfowl species belong to 31 genera,13 families and 8 orders were recorded in the wetlands of Heyang to Dali section of the Yellow River.Among them,there were 2 species of first-class national protected birds,they are Ciconia nigra and Otis tarda,and 3 species of second-class national protected birds,they are Cygnus cygnus,Grus grus and Platalea leucorodia;17 species belong to Anatidae form the dominant group both in the number of species and population,and Anas platyrhynchos,Anas crecca,Tadorna ferruginea,Fulica atra,and Grus grus were dominant species,each species had a dominance beyond 10%.The waterfowl communities in December 2016 and December 2017 were most similar;the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(3.658)and the evenness index(0.732)of the waterfowl community in December 2017 were relatively the highest,and the Margalef richness index(7.328)of the waterfowl community in December 2018 was relatively the highest;the intensity of human disturbance to waterfowl was mainly weak disturbance,and the ecological environment of the wetlands of Heyang to Dali section of the Yellow River is continuously improving.