水淹胁迫下广州河岸带4种本地草本植物的光合响应

Photosynthetic Response of 4 Kinds of Native Herbs to Water-flooding Stress in Riparian Zone in Guangzhou

为了选择用于退化河岸带生态修复的适宜植物物种,开展了水淹胁迫下广州市河岸带常见的4种本地草本植物紫苏(Perilla frutescens)、酸模叶蓼(Polygonum lapathifolium)、金钮扣(Spilanthes paniculata)和少花龙葵(Solanum photeinocarpum)的光合响应特征研究。将在广州市车陂涌中游典型内涝点附近的河岸带采集到的紫苏、酸模叶蓼、金钮扣和少花龙葵幼苗作为实验材料,经过缓苗后,设置地表无积水、地表积水深度为2 cm和地表积水深度为植株地上部分自地面向上2/3处共3种处理,将4种植物的幼苗种植在塑料箱中,30 d后,测定4种植物叶片的SPAD值、全氮含量和叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm、Fv/F0和PIABS)。研究结果表明,与地表无积水条件下相比,水淹条件下紫苏叶片的SPAD值和全氮含量都明显增大,地表积水深度为2 cm条件下金纽扣叶片的SPAD值和全氮含量都明显增大,地表积水深度为植株地上部分自地面向上2/3处条件下金纽扣叶片的SPAD值和全氮含量都明显减小,水淹条件下酸模叶蓼叶片、少花龙葵叶片的SPAD值和全氮含量都明显减小;随着积水深度的增加,4种植物的Fv/Fm、Fv/F0和PIABS值显著减小,且少花龙葵叶片、紫苏叶片、金钮扣叶片、酸模叶蓼叶片的3种参数的降幅依次减小;酸模叶蓼、金钮扣、紫苏、少花龙葵的耐淹能力依次减弱,酸模叶蓼可以作为遭受水淹的河岸带生态修复的首选植物物种;对于地表刚被水没过的地带,可以选择金钮扣和紫苏开展生态修复。

In order to select suitable plant species for ecological restoration of degraded riparian zone,the photosynthetic response characteristics of four local herbaceous plants(Perilla frutescens,Polygonum lapathifolium,Spinanthes paniculata and Solanum photeinocarpum)in the riparian zone in Guangzhou under flooding stress were studied.Perilla frutescens,Polygonum lapathifolium,Spinanthes paniculata and Solanum photeinocarpum in the riparian zone in Guangzhou were selected as experimental materials.After transplanting seedling stage,3 kinds of treatments were set up,no water on the surface,there was water of 2 cm depth on the surface and of 2/3 height of the plant above the surface.The seedlings of 4 kinds of plants were planted in plastic boxes.After 30 days,the values of soil and plant analyzer development(SPAD),nitrogen content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters(Fv/Fm,Fv/F0 and PIABS)of the leaves of 4 kinds of plants were measured.The research results showed that compared with no water on the surface,the SPAD value and nitrogen content of leaf of Perilla frutescens under water flooding conditions were significantly increased,the SPAD value and nitrogen content of the leaf of Spinanthes paniculata under water of 2 cm depth on the surface were significantly increased,and the SPAD value and nitrogen content of the leaf of Spinanthes paniculata under water depth was 2/3 height of the plant above the surface were significantly decreased,the SPAD value and nitrogen content of the leaves of Polygonum lapathifolium and Solanum photeinocarpum under the water flooding condition were significantly decreased.With the increase of water depth,Fv/Fm,Fv/F0 and PIABS values of 4 kinds of plants were decreased significantly,and 3 kinds of parameters of the leaves of Solanum photeinocarpum,Perilla frutescens,Spinanthes paniculata and Polygonum lapathifolium decreased successively;the submergence tolerance of Polygonum lapathifolium,Spinanthes paniculata,Perilla frutescens and Solanum photeinocarpum were decreased in turn.Polygonum lapathifolium could be used as the preferred plant species for ecological restoration of flooded riparian zone;Spinanthes paniculata and Perilla frutescens could be selected for ecological restoration in the areas where the depth of water on the surface was less than 2 cm.