叙事医学视域下中国传统经典文学教学实践研究

Research on Teaching Strategies of Traditional Chinese Classical Literature Based on the Narrative Medicine

近几年,国内外不少医学院校都对医学生叙事医学能力的培养展开探索。其中一种途径就是通过文学作品里关乎医事的阅读,为医学生提供观察生死、疾病等医学情境的一种人文视角。目前国内医学院校对相关课程的一些成果主要在对外国文学作品的探讨上,对中国传统经典文学的关注还比较少。其实,在中国传统经典文学中,也有丰富的医事之“叙”,整理后可用于面向医学生的文学与医学课堂教学。在教学中针对课程及文本的特点,可采用的教学策略主要有五种:一细读文本,披文入“情”;二问题导引,分组讨论,得医事之“理”;三多方对比,引向现实之“思”;四编剧表演,揣摩人物之“心”;五反思性写作,形成生命之“悟”。对传统经典文学作品里医事之“叙”的有效教学,一方面可作为医学生对经典文学的导读,提高他们的文学审美与鉴赏能力,另一方面,也可提高他们对涉医材料的兴趣和敏锐度,增强专业素养。

In recent years,many medical colleges and universities at home and abroad have explored the cultivation of medical students'narrative medical ability.One way is to provide medical students with a humanistic perspective of observing life,death,disease and other medical situations through reading about medical stories in literary works.At present,some of the achievements of related courses in domestic medical colleges and universities are mainly on the discussion of foreign literary works,and the focus on traditional Chinese classic literature is relatively small.In fact,in traditional Chinese classic literature,there is also a rich"narration"of medical affairs,which can be used for literature and medical classroom teaching after collation and analysis.According to the characteristics of the curriculum and texts in teaching,there are five main teaching strategies:1.Close reading.Read the text carefully,and put the phrase into"love";2.Question guiding.Make group discussion,and get the"reason"of medical affairs;3.Multiple comparisons.Lead to the"thinking"of reality;4.Simulation performances.Figure out the"heart"of the character;5.Reflective writing.Form the"enlightenment"of life.The effective teaching of the"narration"of medical stories in traditional classic literary works can be used as a guide for medical students to improve their literary aesthetic and appreciation ability.On the other hand,they can also improve their interest and acuity in medical affairs and enhance their professionalism as future medical practitioners.