乳酸菌对青贮品质及草食家畜健康的影响

Effects of lactic acid bacteria on the quality of silage and health of ruminants

青贮饲料是草食家畜最重要的粗饲料之一,调制并生产优质青贮饲料对畜牧业的提质增效具有举足轻重的作用.青贮饲料品质受牧草特性、本底微生物菌群结构和环境条件等因子的影响,而乳酸菌作为青贮核心微生物及一种主要的青贮添加剂,对青贮饲料的发酵品质及营养品质等的提升具有重要作用.同时,乳酸菌等微生物作为草食家畜胃肠道重要的益生菌,不仅能影响草食家畜健康状况和生长性能,还可协助宿主维持其免疫稳态.本文围绕乳酸菌对青贮品质的影响以及其对草食家畜营养代谢、免疫应激等方面的作用机制进行了综述.全面深入地了解乳酸菌这一类重要的微生物在青贮发酵过程中的生物学功能及其对青贮品质、草食家畜生理健康等方面的作用机制,可为高效功能微生物青贮菌剂的研发、青贮品质的提升及草食家畜的生长性能与生理健康水平的提高提供科学依据.

Silage is an essential part of the rations for ruminants. Preparation and production of high-quality silage is vital to improving the quality and efficiency of animal husbandry. The nutritive value and fermentation quality of silage is dependent on not only the type and quality of the forage crop, but also the ensiling technique and epiphytic microbiota. Lactic acid bacteria(LAB), as an important silage additive and feed probiotics, play an important role in improving the quality of silage forage and regulating the growth performance and health of ruminants. LAB offer various advantages for ruminants as potential probiotics and are able to improve nutrient acquisition, growth performance and immune function stimulation in ruminants. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the effects of LAB on silage quality and ruminant health. The comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the biological functions of important microorganisms, like LAB, in the silage fermentation process, the mechanisms of action, and the physiological effects on ruminant health is useful for developing highly effective compound silage inoculants, and for providing a scientific basis for improving physiological health of ruminants.