工业废渣地聚合物注浆材料组分及性能增强的研究进展

Composition and Performance Enhancement of Geopolymer Grouting Materials with Industrial Residue:a Review

注浆技术是将具有胶结能力的浆液注入地层的裂缝和空隙中,以达到加固和填充目的。目前注浆主要采用水泥基材料,其具有技术成熟、价格便宜、结石强度高、应用广泛等优点,但也存在析水率高、稳定性差、凝结时间长等缺陷。最为关键的是水泥材料生产耗能大且会排放大量CO 2,这加剧了全球的温室效应,不符合可持续发展的理念。近年来,以工业废渣为原料的地聚合物材料因其绿色、环保的特点,引起了学者的广泛关注,并逐渐被应用于注浆领域。地聚合物(Geopolymer)是利用化学碱激发技术(Alkaline activation technology,AAT),将粉煤灰、矿渣、钢渣等工业废渣中的活性成分(Si、Al等元素)浸出,进一步重组化合形成的新无机胶凝材料。使用地聚合物作为注浆材料具有两大优势:(1)地聚合物的原材料来源广、造价低,可有效降低注浆工程的成本;(2)相比水泥材料,地聚合物材料具有耗能低、绿色环保等优势,可实现工业废渣有效回收再利用,减少CO 2大量排放,具有深远的环保和社会效益。目前,地聚合物注浆材料研究需解决两大难题:(1)浆材材料组分的优选—浆材的性能与材料组分硅铝源活性程度、碱激发程度等材料特性息息相关;(2)注浆材料的性能增强—针对不同注浆条件对地聚合物浆材的性能进行调整,以扩大地聚合物浆材的适用范围。本文从反应机理和性能特点出发,全面梳理了目前地聚合物注浆材料组分的选择和性能增强方式,利用统计学方法分析了地聚合物注浆材料配合比范围并推荐了范围,采用灰关联熵对各材料组分与抗压强度、流动度性能进行灰关联分析并给出了关联度排序,然后从原材料性质活化、浆材配合比优化和外加剂选择三方面概述了地聚合物注浆材料性能增强的方式。最后,提出目前地聚合物注浆材料研究中存在的问题,同时对地聚合物注浆材料的发展趋势进行了展望。

Grouting technology is to inject the liquid material with cementation ability into the cracks and voids of the formation.After the grouting material is solidified,the structure is strengthened and the crack is filled.At present,cement grouting materials are mainly used in engineering because of their mature technology,low price,high stone strength and wide application.However,there are also defects such as high water blee-ding rate,poor stability,and long setting time.The most important thing is that the production of cement materials consumes a lot of energy and has a great impact on the environment,which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the society.In recent years,geopolymer mate-rials using industrial waste as raw materials have been widely used by researchers as a green and environmentally friendly inorganic material,and have been gradually applied to the field of grouting.Geopolymer materials are used to dissolve active components(such as Si and Al)in industrial wastes such as fly ash,slag and steel slag by chemical alkali excitation technology,and further recombination to form new inorganic cementitious materials.Geopolymer grouting materials have two distinct advantages:(1)geopolymers have a wide range of raw materials and low cost,which can effectively reduce the cost of grouting engineering;(2)geopolymer materials have the advantages of low energy consumption and green environmental protection,which can effectively recycle and reuse industrial waste residue,and have far-reaching environmental and social benefits.At present,research on geopolymer grouting materials needs to solve two major problems:(1)selection of components of grouting material—the properties of the grouting material are closely related to the material properties such as the degree of activity of the silicon-aluminum source and the degree of alkali excitation.(2)Performance enhancement of grouting material—the performance of geopolymer grouting material is adjusted for different grouting conditions to expand the application range of geopolymer grouting material.From the perspective of reaction mechanism and performance characteristics,this paper comprehensively combs the selection and performance enhancement methods of the current polymer grouting material components,and uses statistical methods to analyze the blending ratio range of geopolymer grouting materials and recommend the range.Grey relational entropy is used to analyze the gray correlation between each material component and compressive strength and fluidity performance,and then give the correlation degree ranking.Then,the geopolymer injection is summarized from three aspects:raw material property activation,slurry mix optimization and admixture selection.The way of improving the performance of pulp materials,in the end,the problems existing in the research of polymer grouting materials are proposed,and the development trend of geopolymer grouting materials is prospected.