某汽车零部件制造企业噪声职业暴露风险评价

Risk assessment of occupational noise exposure in an automobile parts manufacturing enterprise

目的了解某汽车零部件制造企业噪声暴露人群的噪声所致职业性听力损伤风险。方法于2019年6月,选择惠州市某汽车零部件制造企业进行职业卫生学现场调查,对工作场所进行职业卫生学调查和职业病危害因素检测,以8 h工作日等效声级(LEX·8h)≥85 dB(A)的岗位工人为研究对象,共395人。用噪声职业暴露风险评价方法对LEX·8h≥85 dB(A)作业岗位进行噪声暴露风险评价,评价暴露工龄10、20、30、35和40年时噪声暴露所致高频听阈损失和职业性噪声聋的风险。结果暴露年数≦30年时,轴承座终检工发生高频听力损失风险为中等风险,其余岗位是可接受的风险;发生噪声聋风险最高的为轴承座终检工,风险分级为较高风险,其余工种为可忽略的风险和可接受的风险。暴露年数>30年时,轴承座终检工发生高频听力损失风险分级为高风险,其余工种风险分级均为中等风险;发生噪声聋风险最高的是轴承座终检工,风险分级为较高风险,其余工种均为中等风险。结论该企业应关注噪声暴露人群尤其是轴承座终检工的噪声所致职业性听力损伤风险,加强噪声暴露人群的听力保护。

Objective To investigate the risk of occupational hearing loss caused by noise exposure in an automobile parts manufacturing enterprise.Methods In June 2019,an automobile parts manufacturing enterprise in Huizhou City was selected to conduct occupational hygiene field investigation,and occupational health investigation and occupational hazards detection were carried out in the workplace.395 workers with 8-hour working day equivalent sound level(Lex·8 h)≥85 dB(a)were selected as the research objects.The occupational noise exposure risk assessment method was used to assess the noise exposure risk of Lex·8 h≥85 dB(a),and the risk of high-frequency hearing loss and occupational noise deafness caused by noise exposure were evaluated when the working years were 10,20,30,35 and 40.Results When the exposure years were less than or equal to 30 years,the risk of high-frequency hearing loss of bearing pedestal final examiners was medium risk,and the risk of other positions was acceptable;the highest risk of noise deafness was the bearing pedestal final examiner,and the risk classification was higher,and the other types of work were negligible risk and acceptable risk.When the exposure years are more than 30 years,the risk classification of high-frequency hearing loss of bearing pedestal final inspection workers is high-risk,and the risk classification of other types of work is medium risk;the highest risk of noise deafness is the bearing pedestal final inspection workers,and the risk classification is higher risk,and the other types of work are medium risk.Conclusion The enterprise should pay attention to the risk of occupational hearing loss caused by noise exposure,especially the bearing pedestal final inspection workers,and strengthen the hearing protection of noise exposed people.