日本近代启蒙思想中的中国形象——以《明六杂志》为中心

Image of China in the Enlightment of Modern Japan: Focusing on the Articles of Meiroku Zasshi

成立于日本明治初期的明六社与其机关杂志《明六杂志》一直被视为日本近代启蒙思想的代表。明六社与《明六杂志》虽然以介绍西洋思想或文化为主,但是与中国也有着颇为密切的关联。《明六杂志》与中国古典文化的关系不仅体现为杂志文章在词汇、典故与文学观等方面多有中国古典书籍的影响痕迹,而且体现为因津田真道与中村正直等启蒙思想家对于中国传统思想的赞赏或批评,古典中国的形象发生了分解。与此同时,“现实”中国的形象也出现了裂痕,士人盲信古人、男权压制女性的中国形象与不可侮辱的中国形象相交织。日本近代启蒙思想中多歧的中国形象或许根源于启蒙话语的检视与选择,中国形象在启蒙话语中的重编也预示了此后近现代日本的中国形象或中国认识的变迁的多种可能性。

Meirkoshu was one society set up in the early Meiji Period,Meirkoshu and its official journal Meiroku Zasshi are always seen as the representative of modern Japan Enlightment thought.Meirkoshu and Meiroku Zasshi focused on the introduction of western thought and culture,and were related to China.The relationship between Meiroku Zasshi and classical China is reflected in two aspects.One is the classical form of the articles in Meiroku Zasshi,especially the words,allusions and ideas used by writers.The other is the appreciation and criticism of traditional thought of China by thinkers such as Tusda Mamihi and Nakamura Masanao,which made the image of China fell apart.Meanwhile the fissure appeared in image of contemporary China,Chinese scholars blindly trusted in the ancient and oppressed women,and China shouldn't be scorned,two kinds of images existed.The diversity of the image of China derived from the examination of choice of the discourse of Enlightment.The new adjustment of the image of China in Enlightment thought foreboded the possibilities of the shift of the image of China in modern Japan.