少突胶质细胞的发育和体外分化研究进展

Advance in oligodendrocyte development and differentiation in vitro

少突胶质细胞(oligodendrocyte,OL)是中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)中的成髓鞘细胞,其丢失或功能异常会导致脱髓鞘疾病。脑白质病是常发生于早产儿的一类脱髓鞘疾病。目前对于这类疾病尚无有效治疗方法,干细胞移植治疗是最具前景的治疗方法之一。少突胶质祖细胞(oligodendrocyte precursor cell,OPC)具有增殖、迁移、分化为OL的能力,是移植治疗脱髓鞘疾病的理想细胞类型。近些年,随着对OPC发育和分化的分子基础以及调控机制研究的深入,运用多能干细胞定向分化以及通过体细胞重编程技术获得OPC取得成功,从而进一步推动了OPC移植治疗的临床前研究。该文就OPC的体内发育、体外分化及移植治疗的相关研究进展进行综述。

Oligodendrocyte(OL)are myelinating cell of the central nervous system(CNS)and its loss or disfunction will cause demyelination diseases.White matter disease are a group of demyelination diseases that often occur in preterm infants.There are no effective treatments for these diseases currently,and cell transplantation is a promising treatment.Oligodendrocyte precursor cell(OPC)have the ability to proliferate,migrate,and differentiate into OL,making them an ideal cell type for transplantation.In recent years,with the understanding of OPC development and lineage specification,the processes to gain OPC from pluripotent stem cells through direct differentiation or somatic cells through reprogramming have achieved,which promoted the pre-clinical studies of OPC transplantation.In this paper,the OPC development in vivo,differentiation in vitro and transplantation were introduced.