永州市城乡小学生视力异常现状调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Current Situation of Vision Abnormality of Yongzhou Urban and Rural Primary School Students

目的了解永州市城乡小学生视力异常现状,为制定科学有效预防视力异常措施提供参考。方法在永州市中心城区和周边乡镇采用分层整群随机抽样法各抽取2所小学1-6年级的全体学生作为检查对象,采用标准对数视力表进行视力检查。根据《学生健康检查技术规范(GB/T 26343-2010)》中相关标准判断学生视力异常情况,并对视力检查结果进行统计学分析。结果在7590名受检者中,按不同学校和不同学段分组,高学段学生视力异常率均高于低学段学生,差异有统计学意义(x^2=343.3,P<0.01);按中心城区、周边乡镇分组,中心城区小学学生视力异常率高于周边乡镇小学学生,差异有统计学意义(x2=37.80,P<0.01);将中心城区和周边乡镇小学按教学条件优劣进行比较,教学设施条件较好小学学生视力异常率高于教学设施条件较差小学学生,差异有统计学意义(x^2=67.41、29.35,P<0.01)。结论永州市城乡小学生视力异常率日趋严重。学校、家庭、医院、政府和社会要加强协作,通过建设青少年视力健康动态跟踪监测平台构建"全员、全过程、全方位"的"三全"近视综合防控体系,建立电子视觉健康档案,引导小学生养成健康用眼意识和习惯,进而实现控制近视发生和发展的目标。

Objetive Learn the current situation of vision abnormality of Yongzhou urban and rural primary school students,so as to provide reference for formulating scientific and effective measures to prevent abnormal eyesight.Method Use the stratified cluster random sampling method to select all students of grade 1-6 from two primary schools in the central urban areas and surrounding towns of Yongzhou as the objects of examination,and use standard logarithmic visual acuity chart for visual examination.Judge whether the students’vision is abnormal according to relevant standards in the Technical Specification for Health Examination of Students(GB/T 26343-2010),and make a statistical analysis of the results of the vision examination.Result Among the 7,590 subjects,if they were grouped by different schools and phases of studying,the rate of abnormal vision in high school students is higher than that in low school students,and the difference is statistically significant(x^2=343.3,P<0.01);If they were grouped by the central city and the surrounding towns,the primary school students in the central city had a higher rate of abnormal vision than the primary school students in the surrounding towns,and the difference is statistically significant(x^2=37.80,P<0.01);Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of primary schools in central city and surrounding towns according to teaching conditions,the rate of abnormal vision in primary schools with better teaching facilities is higher than that in primary schools with worse teaching facilities,and the difference is statistically significant(x^2=67.41、29.35,P<0.01).Conclusion The rate of abnormal vision of Yongzhou urban and rural primary school students is more and more serious.Schools,families,hospitals,governments and society should strengthen cooperation,build a comprehensive prevention and control system of myopia of"all students,all process and all direction"through the construction of the adolescent vision health dynamic tracking monitoring platform,establish electronic visual health records,and guide primary school students to develop healthy eye awareness and habits,thus achieving the goal of controlling the occurrence and development of myopia.