我国生态环境民事公益诉讼的问题及对策——基于187份典型裁判文书的分析

Problems and Countermeasures of Ecological Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation in China:Based on the analysis of 187 typical judicial documents

梳理我国2012年至2020年8月187份典型裁判文书发现:1)我国生态环境民事公益诉讼案件存在一审被告败诉率高,上诉再审案件少、危险废物污染、林地破坏与水污染占比较大、被告对环境侵权行为的认定多数无争议、检察机关一审起诉案件占比大且全面胜诉、三类主体提起诉讼的案件数量悬殊的主要特征。2)当前我国生态环境民事公益诉讼的实践运用中面临着原告顺位关系不明确、支持起诉制度规定过于抽象,易发生偏离、案件诉讼时效适用混乱、诉讼前置程序仍存在争议、诉讼费用分担制度不完善,败诉成本较高的障碍。故此,应从厘清并确定原告的顺位关系、匡正支持起诉制度,细化规定、明确规定诉讼时效、阐释诉前程序的法理基础与功能价值,解决其争议以及完善诉讼费用分担制度,降低诉讼成本这几个方面对我国生态环境民事公益诉讼进行完善。

The paper combs 187 typical the written judgmentfrom 2012 to 2020 in August, exposingthehigh rate oflost lawsuitregarding the ecological environment in our country civil public interest litigation cases exist first-instance, small number in the defendant appeal for retrial, large proportion about hazardous waste pollution, and forest destruction and water pollution, few environment tort disputes from the defendant, large proportion and comprehensive lawsuit winning in the trials of first instance operated by the procuratorial organs prosecution,and significant difference among the three kinds of main bodies of the lawsuit cases. At present, the practice and application of ecological environmental civil public interest litigation in our country are faced with the obstacles of unclear plaintiff rank relation, too abstract provisions of supporting prosecution system, easy deviation, chaotic application of limitation of action, still disputable procedures in advance of action, imperfect litigation cost sharing system and high cost of losing the lawsuit. Therefore, we should clarify and determine the sequence of the plaintiff’s relations, the correct support prosecution system, detailed regulations, clear provisions of the statute of limitations, illustrates the before litigation procedure and function of the basic theories of value, to resolve their disputes and improve the system of litigation cost share, reduce litigation costs these aspects to improve the ecological environment of the civil public interest litigation in China.