基于网络销售的HIV指尖血快检试剂用于自我检测的调查

A survey on use of online sold fingertip blood HIV rapid test kits for self-testing

目的了解网络销售的艾滋病病毒(HIV)指尖血快速检测试剂用于自我检测(自检)的情况,发现存在的问题并提出相关建议。方法通过男男性行为人群(MSM)等社区组织微信群、QQ群和微博等,广泛寻找和动员网络购买并使用HIV指尖血快速检测试剂的人参与调查。利用问卷星设计、录入网络问卷;对国内快检试剂主要生产厂家销售部门的相关负责人进行定性访谈。结果共2752人完成调查问卷,年龄中位数为27岁(14~86岁),文化程度为大学及以上者占66.9%,全职工作者占68.0%。1033人(37.5%)表示销售试剂的商家提供了检测后咨询服务,但大多数求询者(682人,66.0%)表示咨询问题未得到解决。最近一次HIV自检抗体阳性241例(8.8%),阴性1778人(64.6%)。另有733人"自检结果不确定",其中程序操作出现问题者占74.2%(544/733),因说明书内容理解等导致的相关操作失误占9.9%(73/733),结果判读出现问题者占12.6%(92/733)。结论相当部分HIV感染者不知晓自身感染状况,可通过互联网进行检测动员和干预。建议提高自检服务提供方的经营条件并加强卫生相关培训,对生产企业加强快检试剂的生产质量管理,并对寻求自检者强化自检操作规范,全面保障自检的科学性。

Objective To understand the use of online sold fingertip blood HIV rapid test kits for self-testing and find its problems,provide evidence for the improvement of HIV self-testing.Methods Through WeChat group,QQ group,and Weibo in men who have sex with men(MSM),people who purchased and used online sold HIV fingertip blood test kits were recruited in the survey using a self-designed questionnaire.A qualitative interview was conducted in responsible persons of sales department in main domestic manufacturers of HIV rapid test kits.Results A total of 2752 people completed the questionnaires,the median of age was 27 years old(14–86 years old),Among these people,1842(66.9%)had education level of college or above,1872(68.0%)had full-time job,1033(37.5%)reported that the sellers provided post-test consulting services,while 66.0%reported that the consulting services failed to solve the problems.In the latest self-testing,241(8.8%)persons were HIV positive,and 1778(64.6%)persons were negative.Among 733 with uncertain results,74.2%(544/733)had problems in kits operation,9.9%(73/733)had related errors due to the misunderstanding of instruction manual,and 12.6%(92/733)had problem with the results interpretation.Conclusion A number of HIV-infected people are not aware of their infection status,for whom HIV test can be promoted through internet.It is suggested to improve the consulting services,strengthen the management of HIV rapid test kits production and standardize the operation procedure of kits users to ensure the scientificity of HIV self-testing.