通过有性多倍化创制四倍体矮牵牛的研究

Study on Creation of Tetraploid Petunia Hybrida by Sexual Polyploidization

为通过有性多倍化途径创制矮牵牛四倍体新种质,以7份二倍体矮牵牛为材料,采用不同浓度秋水仙素、不同天数诱导处理花蕾;以诱导产生的2n花粉为父本与四倍体进行有性多倍化杂交,从杂交后代中筛选四倍体将其与父母亲本进行农艺性状比较。结果表明:以浓度0.2%秋水仙素处理1次效果最好,2n花粉率平均可达29.3%为二倍体对照1.3%的22.5倍;F1四倍体主要继承母本多倍体器官巨大性的特点,也有一些遗传性状来源父本,还出现与父母亲本都不同的新性状。表明通过有性多倍化途径创制四倍体具有更广泛的遗传多样性,这为矮牵牛多倍体育种提供了新方法和途径。

In order to creat a new tetraploid germplasm of petunia hybrida by sexual polyploidization,seven materials of diploid petunia hybrida were used to induce flower buds with different concentrations of colchicine and days.The sexual polyploidization experiments were carried out by induced 2 n pollen as male parent and tetraploid as female parent and the new tetraploid was selected from the hybrid progenies and the agronomic traits were compared with those of parents.The results showed that the optimum treatment for the induction of 2 n pollen was0.2%concentrations of colchicine with one time,the induction frequency of 2 n pollen could reach 29.3%,22.5 times as that of diploid control 1.3%.F1 tetraploid hybrid mainly inherited characteristic of giant organ from polyploid femal parent,had a few traits from the male parent and it also contained new characteristics which were different from those of parents.This study showed that tetraploid created by sexual polyploidization had extensive genetic diversity which provided a new method for polyploidy breeding of petunia hybrida.