基于“三生空间”的雄安新区土地利用功能转型与生态环境效应研究

Land use function transformation in the Xiong′an New Area based on ecological⁃production⁃living spaces and associated eco⁃environment effects

基于“三生空间”土地利用功能转型与生态环境效应的研究是雄安新区完善区域生态功能的理论基石。从雄安新区“生产—生活—生态”的土地利用功能分类入手,解译1988、1998、2008和2018年4期遥感影像获取雄安新区土地利用变化数据,计算生态环境质量指数和土地利用转型生态贡献率,定量分析雄安新区“三生空间”的时空演变及其功能转型的生态环境效应。研究表明:①1988—2018年,雄安新区土地利用变化主要表现为生活用地面积持续增加,共计增加了82.35 km2,生产用地面积先升后降,累计增加了50.34 km2,生态用地面积大幅下降,共计减少了132.70 km2。②雄安新区土地利用功能转型转出面积最大的为水域生态用地,转出面积共计94.36 km2,占总转出面积的41.06%,转入面积最大的是农业生产用地,共计135.91 km2,占总转入面积的近三分之二,其他它用地类型均有一定程度的相互转换。③雄安新区生态环境质量指数呈现波动减少的变化趋势。沙地等生态质量指数较低的其他生态用地转入农业生产用地是雄安新区生态环境质量改善的主导因素,占生态环境正效应贡献率的67.04%;农业生产用地以及城镇和农村生活用地对水域生态用地的占用,则是导致生态环境质量恶化的重要因素,占到生态环境负效应贡献率的75%以上。总体看来,过去三十年雄安新区生态环境恶化趋势大于生态环境改善趋势。因此,定量研究过去30年土地利用功能转型特征及其生态环境效应演变规律,有助于为雄安新区生态文明建设的推进提供数据支撑。

Based on the“Ecological⁃production⁃living Spaces”and associated eco⁃environment effects,the land use function transformation is the theoretical cornerstone of Xiong′an New Area to improve regional ecological functions.This paper starts with the classification of“production⁃life⁃ecology”of land use functions in Xiong′an New Area interpreting changing land use data obtained from remote sensing images from 1988,1998,2008 to 2018.Then the ecological environment quality index and land use contribution rate of transformational ecology are calculated based on the quantitative analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution of the“Ecological⁃production⁃living Spaces”and the effect of its function transformation on the ecological environment.The research shows that①from 1988 to 2018,the land use change in the Xiong′an New Area was mainly manifested in the continuous increase of living land area with a total of 82.35 km2.The production land area first increased and then decreased,a cumulative increase of 50.34 km2,but the ecological land area decreased significantly with a total of 132.70 km2.②The largest area transferred for land use function transformation in Xiong′an New Area was water ecological land,with a total area transferred of 94.36 km2,accounting for 41.06%of the total area transferred.The largest area for agricultural production accounted for nearly two⁃thirds of the total area transferred,with a total of 135.91 km2,while other land use experienced a mutual conversion to some extent.③The eco⁃environmental quality index of Xiong′an New Area shows a trend of decreasing fluctuation.The conversion of other ecological land with low ecological quality index,such as sand land,into agricultural production land is the leading factor for the improvement of the ecological environment quality of the Xiong′an New Area,accounting for 67.04%of the positive effect of ecological environment.The occupation of agricultural land and urban and rural living land by water ecological land and other production land is taken as an important factor leading to the deterioration of the ecological environment quality,accounting for more than 75%of the negative effect of ecological environment.According to the ecological contribution rate,it is known that the ecological environment deterioration trend in Xiong′an New Area is greater than that of the ecological environment improvement.Therefore,a quantitative study of the transformation characteristics of the land use function and the evolution of the ecological environment effect in the past 30 years can provide data support for the promotion of the ecological civilization construction in the Xiong′an New Area.