中国生态地理区城市水资源利用效率时空分异特征

Spatiotemporal differentiation of urban water resource utilization efficiency of eco⁃geographic regions in China

我国水资源面临的形势十分严峻,水资源短缺、水污染严重、水生态环境恶化等问题突出,已成为制约社会经济可持续发展的主要瓶颈。基于分类数据包络分析(Categorical DEA)对2007—2016年中国生态地理区城市水资源利用效率进行测算,对其时间变化、空间分布以及空间收敛性进行分析。结果表明:1)2007—2016年期间全国城市水资源利用效率总体处于低效率状态,随时间高低交错波动式发展,整体呈先降后升势态;2)生态地理区城市水资源利用综合效率由高到低依次为温带干旱区、温带半干旱区、温带半湿润区、温带湿润区、亚热带湿润区,呈西北向东南逐渐递减的空间分布格局,生态地理区纯技术效率区间差异较大,但空间分布规律不显著,区域规模效率间差距小,且无明显空间分布规律;3)纯技术效率低效是制约全国水资源利用综合效率提升的主要因素,生态地理区间纯技术效率巨大差距导致全国纯技术效率整体低效,也是全国水资源利用综合效率低效的根本原因;4)生态地理区水资源利用综合效率区域差距逐渐缩小,主要是因为高效率区域效率值向低效率区域靠拢,区域间低效向高效的“追赶效应”不明显。

China is facing a serious situation with regard to water resources,which have become a major bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of the economy and society.Based on the categorical data envelopment analysis,we calculated the urban water resource utilization efficiency of eco⁃geographic regions in China and analyzed the changes in efficiency,spatial distribution,and spatial convergence.The results revealed the following:1)The utilization efficiency of water resources in China was low,first falling and then rising in a staggered and fluctuating manner from 2007 to 2016.2)The water use comprehensive efficiency of eco⁃geographic regions decreased in the following order:temperate arid region>temperate semi⁃arid region>temperate sub⁃humid region>temperate humid region>pattern of subtropical humid region.The technical efficiency decreased in the following order:temperate arid region>temperate semi⁃arid region>temperate humid region>temperate sub⁃humid region>pattern of subtropical humid region.The scale efficiency decreased as follows:temperate sub⁃humid region>temperate humid region>temperate arid region>pattern of subtropical humid region>temperate semi⁃arid region.3)The considerable gap in technical efficiency among eco⁃geographic regions led to the low technical efficiency at the aggregate(national)level,which was the main factor restricting the improvement of comprehensive efficiency in China.4)Although the regional gap in water resource utilization comprehensive efficiency was narrowing in this time period,there was no clearly evident“catch⁃up effect”in the low⁃efficiency regions.