多重压力下重点生态功能区农户生计脆弱性——以甘南黄河水源补给区为例

Livelihood vulnerability of farmers in key ecological function area under multiple stressors:Taking the Yellow River water supply area of Gannan as an example

农户作为农村社会中最小的生计单元,面临着多重压力的冲击,这些压力不仅加剧了重点生态功能区农户的生计脆弱性,更威胁到该区生态服务功能的提升,当前亟需准确评估多重压力下农户的生计脆弱性,为制定可持续的生计政策提供借鉴。以甘南黄河水源补给区为例,利用入户调查数据,评估了多重压力下农户的生计脆弱性,分析了多重压力下农户生计脆弱性的形成过程。结果发现:(1)家人患病、子女学费开支高和自然灾害三种生计压力对甘南黄河水源补给区农户生计的影响最为剧烈,经济压力是该区农户面临最频繁的压力类型,但自然压力对该区农户的生计脆弱性影响最大;(2)经济示范区农户的生计敏感性最高,重点保护区农户的适应能力最低;(3)重点保护区农户的生计脆弱性最高,经济示范区次之,恢复治理区最低,自然压力冲击下农户的生计脆弱性最高;(4)不同类型的生计压力影响农户生计脆弱性的路径不同,自然压力通过影响自然资源依赖度与自然资本、社会压力通过影响饮水条件与社会资本、经济压力通过影响家庭抚养比与金融资本来影响生计脆弱性,生计压力之间的交互作用会增强农户的生计脆弱性。

As the smallest livelihood unit in rural society,farmers are facing the impact of multiple stressors,which not only aggravate the livelihood vulnerability of farmers in key ecological function area,but also threaten the improvement of ecological service function in this area.At present,it is urgent to accurately assess the livelihood vulnerability of farmers under multiple stressors,so as to provide reference for the formulation of sustainable livelihood policies.Taking the Yellow River water supply area of Gannan as an example and using the data of households survey,this paper evaluates the livelihood vulnerability of the farmers under the multiple stressors and analyzes its forming process.The results showed that:(1)livelihood stressors such as family illness,high tuition fees and natural disasters had the greatest impacts on the livelihood of farmers in the Yellow River water supply area of Gannan.Economic stressor was the most frequent stressor faced by the farmers,but natural stressor had the greatest impact on the livelihood vulnerability of farmers in this area.(2)The livelihood sensitivity of farmers in economic demonstration areas was the highest,and the adaptation of farmers in key protection areas was the lowest.(3)Farmers in key protection areas had the highest livelihood vulnerability,followed by economic demonstration areas,and the lowest in the rehabilitation treatment areas.Under the stressor of natural stressor,the farmers had the highest livelihood vulnerability.(4)Different types of livelihood stressors had different paths affecting farmers′livelihood vulnerability.The natural stressor affected livelihood vulnerability by affecting natural resource dependence and natural capital,social stressor through affecting drinking water conditions and social capital,and economic stressor by affecting family dependency ratio and financial capital.The interaction between livelihood stressors increased the livelihood vulnerability of farmers.