赣西地区生态系统服务价值与生态补偿策略

Ecosystem services value evaluation and strategies of payment for ecosystem service in western Jiangxi Province

生态补偿是解决区域生态保护与经济发展诸多矛盾的一项重要措施。基于土地利用变化,采用当量因子计算方法,对赣西地区2002—2016年的生态系统服务价值时空变化特征进行了分析。综合考虑区域自然、经济发展水平,测算了区域内各县(市、区)生态补偿优先级和生态补偿额度,探讨了区域生态补偿策略。研究结果表明:(1)赣西地区林地的生态系统服务价值最高,占总价值比例的80.39%,水源涵养、土壤保持、气体调节等是生态系统内的主要服务类型,三者占到总比例的51.18%,但从整个区域来看,总的生态系统服务价值和生态系统各单项服务价值均呈不同程度降低趋势。从县域单元看,生态系统服务价值相对较低的分别是渝水区、樟树市、丰城市和高安市;相对较高的主要分布在铜鼓县、宜丰县、奉新县和靖安县;生态系统服务价值下降率最高的是安源区、袁州区和渝水区。(2)赣西地区理论生态补偿总额度为3.9262亿元,占总GDP的0.13%,林地生态系统的补偿额为3.1820亿元,占总补偿的81.04%。从县域单元看,铜鼓、靖安和宜丰县为优先补偿顺序的前三位,补偿额度分别为0.9622,0.6822和0.4735亿元,占总补偿额度的53.94%,处于后三位的分别是安源区、樟树市和上高县,占总补偿额度的1.66%。测算出的补偿顺序与理论补偿额度,与县区统计数据资料部分印证,这表明该研究具有一定的科学性和合理性。补偿资金占GDP值比重低,对地方财政压力小,在保护区域生态环境与可持续发展的具体实践中,具有一定的可操作性。

Payment for ecosystem service is an important measure to solve contradiction between regionally ecological protection and economic development.Based on land use changes,the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of ecosystem services value(ESV)in western Jiangxi from 2002 to 2016 were analyzed using equivalent factor calculation method.Taking regional nature condition and economic development level into consideration,the ecological compensation priority and quota of counties(cities and districts)in the study region were calculated and ecological compensation strategies were also discussed.The results are as follows.(1)The ESV of forest land in western Jiangxi is the highest,accounting for 80.39%of the total value.Water and soil conservation and gas regulation are the main service types in the ecosystem,accounting for 51.18%.The total and each individual ESV show decreasing trends in varying degrees.In terms of county units,the ESV of Yushui,Zhangshu,Fengcheng and Gao′an is relatively low,while that of Tonggu,Yifeng,Fengxin and Jing′an County is relatively high.And areas with the highest declined rates of ESV are mainly distributed in Anyuan,Yuanzhou and Qinshui district.(2)Total theoretically ecological compensation amount of western Jiangxi is 392.62 million yuan,accounting for 0.13%of GDP,among which the ecological compensation amount of forest land is 318.20 million yuan,accounting for 81.04%of the total compensation.From the perspective of county units,Tonggu,Jing′an and Yifeng are the first three priority compensation counties,with compensation amounts of 96.22,68.22 and 47.35 million yuan,respectively,while the last three compensation counties are Anyuan,Zhangshu and Shanggao accounting for 1.66%of the total compensation amount.The priority and theoretical compensation amount calculated in this study are partly verified by the statistical data supplied by the counties and districts,which shows that the research is scientific and reasonable to some extent.The compensation funds take up a low proportion of GDP and have little pressure on local finance,which are operable in the practice of ecological environment protection and sustainable development.