医疗废物处置单位环境风险调查评估方法研究

Study on the environmental risk investigation and evaluation method of medical waste disposal unit

本文在借鉴相关行业环境风险评估技术方法的基础上,建立了符合生态环境管理需求的医疗废物处置单位环境风险调查评估方法和指标体系,并开展了实例研究。利用层次分析法,从环境危害性(H)、周边环境敏感性(S)、控制机制可靠性(R)三方面分别进行医疗废物处置单位环境风险评估及风险等级划分;采用矩阵综合分析法,综合判断某医疗废物处置单位环境风险等级,并分析提出其存在的主要环境风险及相关防范对策建议。

Medical waste belongs to hazardous waste.Now,some medical waste disposal units have great potential safety hazards to regional ecology and environment and human health because of their disposal equipment aging,nonstandard operations and surrounding environmental sensitive objects,etc.The method of environmental risk assessment has being widely applied in hazardous waste disposal projects environmental impact assessment and environmental emergency management based on the types of environmental risk accident,including the medical waste disposal projects.But,not many research and discussion on environmental risk assessment methods of non-accident condition of medical waste disposal unit.In this paper,a method and indicator system of environmental risk investigation and evaluation is established for medical waste disposal by using experiences from correlative professions.And by using the analytic hierarchy process,the paper investigates and evaluates the environmental risk and risk grade of medical waste disposal unit respectively from the environmental harmfulness(H),surrounding environmental sensitivity(S)and control mechanism reliability(R).The finally environmental risk grade of a medical waste disposal unit is obtained by using risk grade matrix,and the paper puts forward the main environmental risk and related countermeasures and suggestions of this medical waste disposal unit.