美日网络安全合作机制论析

On the U.S.-Japan Cybersecurity Cooperation Mechanism

由于网络安全领域缺乏明确的国际法规则约束,加之网络技术的相关特点,导致网络黑客、窃密、大规模网络攻击等网络安全事件频发。在此背景下,美国和日本围绕网络安全进行了长期深入合作,并取得了一定成效。美日同盟向网络空间延伸是美国的传统同盟体系向网络空间扩展的典型案例,或将对全球网络空间战略稳定带来较为复杂的影响。从美日网络安全合作的发展历程来看,美国在合作中处于引领地位,而日本则对美国提出的相关理念和战略行动具有较高的认同度,并快速学习进而转化为自身的网络安全战略。从具体合作机制看,美日两国启动了多层次的网络安全对话合作机制,从宏观战略和微观政策上规划与落实网络安全合作,聚焦民用网络安全、军事网络安全和国际规则合作三大领域。然而,在当前国际社会难以就界定网络攻击达成普遍共识的情况下,美日两国通过主观性较强的判定标准,并机械地套用传统安保体系来应对重大网络安全事件,容易引发误判甚至导致冲突升级。

Given the lack of clear codes of conduct and widely accepted norms and the characteristics of cyber technology,hacking,cyber espionage,large-scale cyberattacks,and other cyber incidents occur frequently.In this context,the United States and Japan have conducted long-term in-depth cybersecurity cooperation and achieved real results.The extension of the U.S.-Japan alliance into cyberspace is emblematic of the expansion of the traditional alliance system,which will exert a more complex impact on global cyber strategic stability.Japan is a junior partner in this alliance,incorporating U.S.concepts and doctrines into its own cyber strategy.Washington and Tokyo have launched a multi-level dialogue and cooperation mechanism on cybersecurity,focusing on the three major areas:civil cybersecurity,military cybersecurity,and international rule cooperation.At present,it is difficult for the international community to reach a general consensus on the definition of cyberattacks,and the U.S.and Japan respond to major cybersecurity incidents by adopting subjective judgment criteria and mechanically mobilizing traditional security systems,which may easily lead to misunderstandings or even escalation of conflicts.