阳光下的阴影:职业污名的研究视角、成因及应对

Shadow in the Sun: Perspective, Antecedents and Countermeasures of Occupational Stigma

职业污名是外部群体对某一职业类型或职业构成形成的消极刻板印象,从业者感知职业污名会影响其职业态度和行为。本文从职业污名与脏活、职业歧视等相近概念的辨析出发,对既往文献进行了梳理和述评。观察者归因、社会秩序、相关群体状态等因素会通过社会认同、自我验证、资源保存等理论机制影响职业污名的形成;从业者一旦形成职业污名意识将引起情绪耗竭、满意度降低、反常行为等结果 ,后续将采取自我概念支持、心理隔离、修复关系等方法应对职业污名的消极影响。未来研究应从各个层面进一步探索职业污名的生成机制,并融合多学科视角考察职业污名的应对策略。

Occupational stigma is the negative stereotype of a certain occupational type or part from external group. Perception of occupational stigma of employees will affect their professional attitude and behavior. This paper analyzes the similar concepts of occupational stigma, dirty work and occupational discrimination, and reviews the previous literature. Based on the social identity theory, self-verification theory, and resource conservation theory, this paper finds that observer attribution, social order and related group status can affect the formation of occupational stigma. Once employees perceive occupational stigma, it will lead to emotional exhaustion, reduced satisfaction, deviant behavior and other results, and then deal with the negative effects of occupational stigma by means of selfconcept support, psychological isolation and relationship repair. Future research should further explore the formation mechanism of occupational stigma from all levels, and integrate multi-disciplinary response strategies.