黑龙江西部松嫩平原林药复合经营模式及效益研究

Forest-medicine Compound Management Model and its Benefits in the Songnen Plain of Western Heilongjiang Province

以黑龙江西部松嫩平原典型土壤类型区的甘南县(风沙土)、依安县(黑土)、新江实验林场及杜蒙县(沙壤土)为试验示范区,在遵循保护资源、提高林地利用率、协同共生、有机优质等原则下,在该区人工林行间构建了10种林药复合经营模式,并对其成效与效益进行了分析。结果表明:试验示范构建的杨树(云杉)-板蓝根、樟子松-防风、杨树-防风(玉竹)、杨树-黄芪、樟子松-黄芪、水曲柳-黄芪、樟子松-玉竹、杨树-桔梗等10种林药复合模式中,大多以郁闭度较小的中幼龄林林分表现良好。其中,板蓝根、黄芪、防风、桔梗在郁闭度≤0.5林下可完成生长、开花、结实过程,长势以郁闭度0.2~0.4的幼林下为佳。在郁闭度>0.5的林下生长发育受到明显影响,甚至不能完成生长发育过程或枯萎死亡;玉竹可在不同郁闭度的林下生长,而以郁闭度<0.5的林下生长发育良好;与农作物玉米相比,10种林药复合模式年均产值可提高73.7%,同时可改善林地土壤的理化性质及林分的层次结构,促进林分健康发育。

Taking Gannan County(aeolian sandy soil),Yian County(black soil),Xinjiang Experiment Forest Farm and Durbert Mongolian Autonomous County(sandy loam soil)in type zone for typical soil in Songnen Plain in western Heilongjiang Province as experiment demonstration area,under the principles of protecting resources,enhanced woodland using rate,creating synergistic symbiosis and being organic and high-quality,10 forestry-medicine modes were established for planted forests in this area,and their effects and benefits were analyzed as well.Result shows that among the 10 forestry-medicine modes established for experiment demonstration,including Populus sp.(Picea asperata)-Isatis indigotica,Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica-Saposhnikovia divaricata,Populus sp.-Saposhnikovia divaricata(Polygonatum odoratum),Populus sp.-Astragalus membranaceus,Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica-Astragalus membranaceus,Fraxinus mandshurica-Astragalus membranaceus,Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica-Polygonatum odoratum and Populus sp.-Platycodon grandiflorus,most of them performed well under young-and middle-aged forests with a smaller canopy density.Isatis indigotica,Astragalus membranaceus,Saposhnikovia divaricata and Platycodon grandiflorus are able to fulfil the growth,flowering and fruiting process under the forests with a canopy density≤0.5,growing well under young forests with a canopy density of 0.2-0.4;under the forests with a canopy density>0.5,however,their growth&development were obviously affected,and some of them were even disabled to fulfil the growth&development process as a result of withering&dying.Polygonatum odoratum is able to grow under forests with different canopy densities,especially under the forests with a canopy density<0.5.Compared with the field crop corn,the 10 forestry-medicine modes can average an increase of 73.7%in annual yield,when the physical&chemical properties of forest soil can be improved&the hierarchical structure of stand can also be optimized to achieve healthy development.