不同沼肥处理对葡萄栽培土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响

Effects of Different Biogas Fertilizer Treatments on Soil Microbial Number and Enzyme Activities in Vineyards

以葡萄栽培土壤为研究对象,通过大田试验,研究了有机肥、化肥及沼渣分别和沼液配施等不同处理对葡萄栽培土壤不同土层微生物类群及酶活性的影响。结果表明,有机肥+沼液和沼渣+沼液处理土壤中细菌数量显著增加,分别增长了39.76%和79.59%,真菌数量显著减少,分别减少了43.91%和56.68%。施用沼肥+沼液及有机肥+沼液处理后,0~20 cm和20~30 cm土层土壤脲酶和蛋白酶活性均较对照显著增加,增幅为27.6%~110.6%;有机肥+沼液和化肥+沼液处理中,0~20 cm土层土壤过氧化氢酶活性显著高于对照,分别提高了25.4%和27.1%;各处理与对照相比,磷酸酶活性均无显著变化,然而沼液+沼渣处理磷酸酶活性在各土层均为最高,且显著高于化肥+沼液处理。沼渣、沼液施肥可显著提高葡萄栽培土壤中细菌和放线菌数量,改善土壤微生态环境,提高土壤蛋白酶和脲酶活力。

Taking the grope plarilint soil as the research object,through field experiment,this study focused on the effects of the combined fertilization of organic manure,chemical fertilizer,biogas residue and biogas slurry on the microbial groups and enzyme activities in grape planting soil.The results showed that the number of bacteria in the soil treated with organic fertilizer+biogas slurry and biogas residue+biogas slurry increased by 39.76% and 79.59% respectively,and the number of fungi decreased by 43.91% and 56.68% respectively.In the biogas residue+biogas slurry and organic fertilizer+biogas slurry treatments,the urease and protease activities in 0~20 cm and 20~30 cm soil layers increased significantly compared with the control,with an increase of 27.6%~110.6%;in organic fertilizer+biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer+biogas slurry treatments,the catalase activities in 0~20 cm soil layers were significantly higher than the control,with an increase of 25.4% and 27.1%,respectively.The phosphatase activities in each treatment had no significant change.However,the phosphatase activity of biogas slurry+biogas residue treatment was the highest in all soil layers,and was significantly higher than that of chemical fertilizer+biogas slurry treatment.Biogas residue and biogas slurry treatment could significantly increase the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in grape soil,improve the soil micro ecological environment,and increase the activity of soil protease and urease.