广州市锥蝽侵害及叮咬状况调查与分析

Investigation and analysis of triatomine-damage and bites cases in Guangzhou

目的了解并分析广州市锥蝽分布情况、被锥蝽叮咬的散在案例的具体状况以及美洲锥虫病感染状况。方法在广州各区对锥蝽进行调查,采集虫体,对采集到的疑似昆虫进行形态学鉴定;对被锥蝽叮咬者进行问卷调查并采血,用快速检测试剂和ELISA方法检测美洲锥虫病抗体。结果在广州11个区中,有10个区采集到锥蝽,共184只,其中成虫135只(雌∶雄为56∶79),若虫49只;经形态学鉴定,均为红带锥蝽;此次调查中,发现11个区均有被叮咬者,共46人(男∶女为26∶20),农村地区有27例;被叮咬者中出现较为严重过敏反应症状者为5人,占10.9%;被叮咬者中对锥蝽的知晓率为23.9%。叮咬大多为偶发,均为锥蝽自行飞入房中进行;对被叮咬者血清检测美洲锥虫病抗体均为阴性。结论锥蝽在广州分布广泛,叮咬事件时有发生,需进行环境改造,加强卫生管理,清除其孳生地;群众对于锥蝽有关知识了解不足,需加强健康教育工作,增强主动防护意识;对于可疑的美洲锥虫病携带者进行筛查是防止美洲锥虫病入侵中国的重要措施。

Objective To make clear and analyze the distribution of triatomines,the status of American trypanosomiasis infection and the cases bitten by triatomines in Guangzhou.Methods Investigation was carried out in all 11 districts in Guangzhou,and triatomines were collected and identified by morphological characteristics under a dissecting microscope.Blood specimens of triatomine-bitten cases were collected,as well as questionnaire survey.Antibody of American trypanosomiasis was detected by rapid test and ELISA.Results Totally,184 triatomines,including 135 adults(female∶male 56∶79),49 nymphs,were collected in 10 districts of Guangzhou(10/11).According to morphological identification,all insects were identified as Triatoma rubrofasciata.Forty six cases bitten by triatomine were found and investigated in all 11 districts in Guangzhou,27 cases in rural area.Five cases(10.9%) appeared serious allergic symptoms.Awareness rate of triatomine was 23.9% in 46 cases.Most bites happened occasionally by triatomine flying into dwellings.The results of detection of antibody of American trypanosomiasis were all negative.Conclusion Triatomine were widely distributed in Guangzhou,and bites happened occasionally.Environmental improving and sanitary control enhancing are necessary for eliminating the breeding place of triatomine.Health education about triatomine and American trypanosomiasis is important for public to decrease the risk of being bitten and infecting disease.Screening the suspected carriers of American trypanosomiasis is the most important measure for preventing the invasion of American trypanosomiasis in China.