浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区华南梅花鹿栖息地适宜性评价

Habitat suitability assessment for Sika Deer in Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province

理解环境因子对物种空间分布的影响,评价栖息地适宜性现状并预测潜在分布区,对野生动物的管理和保护具有重要意义。华南梅花鹿(Cervus pseudaxis)属国家I级重点保护野生动物,现仅分布于安徽、浙江、江西等狭小片区内。浙江清凉峰自然保护区千顷塘区域是华南梅花鹿的重要分布区,但其面积较小,严重限制了华南梅花鹿的种群发展,亟需对千顷塘及周边区域的栖息地质量进行评价,为华南梅花鹿的保护和野外放归提供科学依据。利用红外相机监测千顷塘区域华南梅花鹿的分布,结合遥感等技术手段获得地形、植被、水源以及人为干扰等8种环境因子,利用MaxEnt构建华南梅花鹿栖息地适宜性模型,对以千顷塘为中心50 km×50 km的范围进行栖息地适宜性评价。研究结果表明,华南梅花鹿倾向于选择海拔1050-1240 m范围内,距道路100-900 m和距人口聚居区3200-3800 m的相对平缓地带。千顷塘区域华南梅花鹿栖息地保护较好,适宜栖息地面积为2224 hm^2,占该区域39.1%。千顷塘周边适宜性较高的区域主要为位于其西南部约10 km的山区,该区域为华南梅花鹿提供了3253 hm^2的潜在适宜栖息地。建议降低保护区千顷塘区域内的人为干扰,并在其西南部山区尝试开展圈养种群的野外放归工作,以促进其种群发展。

In order to efficiently manage and conserve wildlife, it is important to understand the impact of environmental factors on their spatial distribution, assess the habitat suitability, and predict potential distribution areas for wildlife. South China Sika Deer(Cervus pseudaxis), listed as a Category I Key National Protected Wild Animal Species, is only distributed in small areas in Anhui, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi Province. The Qianqingtang Area of the Qingliangfeng Nature Reserve in Zhejiang is one of the important distribution areas of the species, but the small area severely restricts its population development. Therefore, it is urgent to evaluate the habitat quality of the Qianqingtang Area and the surrounding areas to provide important implications for the species conservation and wild release. In this study, infrared cameras were used to monitor occurrences of Sika Deer in the Qianqingtang Area, and field surveys and remote sensing techniques were used to obtain eight environmental factors quantifying the terrain, vegetation, water sources and human disturbance. Maximum Entropy Model(MaxEnt) was used to construct a suitability model for Sika Deer within the 50 km × 50 km area with the Qianqingtang Area as the center. The results showed that Sika Deer preferred to choose relatively gentle areas at an altitude of 1050-1240 m, 100-900 m from the road and 3200-3800 m from the populated area. The habitat within the Qianqingtang Area was well protected, and the suitable habitat area is 2224 hm^2, accounting for 39.1% of the area. Suitable habitats were also found in a mountainous area located about 10 km southwest to the Qianqingtang Area which may provide a potential suitable habitat of 3253 hm^2 for the deer. To promote the population increase of Sika Deer, we suggested reduction of the human disturbance inside the Qianqingtang Area and wild release of some captive deer to the mountainous area in the southwest.