基于多层发展模型的八段锦改善老年人群平衡功能研究

Study on the improvement of balance function base on multiple level developing model by Baduanjin in elderly

目的探讨八段锦锻炼对老年人平衡功能改善情况,为预防老年人跌倒提供科学依据。方法于2016年8月至2017年2月,采用多阶段随机抽样法从上海市浦东新区3个街道抽取170名60岁以上老年人进行为期6个月的八段锦锻炼,评估锻炼前后平衡功能指标改善状况。采用Stata 15.0软件进行描述性统计分析,采用HLM 6.08软件进行多层发展模型分析。结果平衡功能改善的随机截距模型分析结果显示,八段锦锻炼可明显改善老年人的平衡功能,闭眼单足站立时间、闭眼原地踏步时间、睁眼单足站立时间均增加,计时起立-行走时间降低,Berg量表评分提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);以上平衡功能指标改善率前3个月均大于后3个月,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。平衡功能改善的影响因素分析结果显示,年龄对各项指标改善率的影响无统计学意义(P>0.05);女性闭眼原地踏步时间改善率在前3个月和后3个月均低于男性,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),性别对其他指标改善率的影响无统计学意义(P>0.05);文化程度高的人群在闭眼原地踏步时间和计时起立-行走时间改善率低于文化程度低的人群,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),文化程度对其他指标改善率的影响无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论八段锦锻炼对改善老年人平衡功能效果显著,在老年跌倒预防中应予以推广和应用。

Objective To explore the improvement of balance function by Baduanjin in elderly,and to provide the scientific evidence for preventing falls in elderly. Methods From August 2016 to February 2017,multistage random sampling was used to select 170 residents (≥60 years old) from 3 communities of Pudong district in Shanhai as the subjects to do Baduanjin exercise for 6 months,then improvement of balance function indexes were assessed before and after exercise. The software State 15.0 was used for descriptive statistics,the software HLM 6.08 was used for multiple level developing model analysis. Results Analysis of stochastic intercept model with improved balance function showed that Baduanjin exercise could improve significantly the balance function of elderly,the standing time of one foot with eyes closed,time to step in place with eyes closed and standing time with eyes open increased,time for standing and walking decreased,the score of Berg scale enhanced,P<0.05;the improvement of balance function indexes in the first 3 months was significantly higher than that in the second 3 months(P<0.05). The influencing factors of balance function improvement showed that age could not influence the indexes of the balance function improvement(P>0.05);The improvement rate of time to step in place with eyes closed in the first 3 months and second 3 months in females was both significantly lower than that in males(P<0.05),the sex could not influence other indexes of the balance function improvement(P>0.05);The improvement rates of time to step in place with eyes closed and time for standing and walking in the subjects with high education level were significantly lower than those in the subjects with low education level(P<0.05),the education level could not influence other indexes of the balance function improvement(P>0.05). Conclusion Baduanjin exercise could effectively improve the balance function of the elderly,the Baduanjin exercise should be promoted and applied for preventing falls in elderly.