2017—2018年绵阳市伤害死亡特征及疾病负担分析

Analysis of injury death characteristics and disease burden in Mianyang city from 2017 to 2018

目的研究2017—2018年绵阳市居民伤害死亡特征及疾病负担,为伤害防控工作提供建议。方法信息来源于2017—2018年中国疾病预防控制信息系统的死因登记管理信息系统中的伤害死亡个案信息。根本死因按照国际疾病分类标准(ICD-10)统一编码。采用SPSS 17.0、Excel 2003软件计算粗死亡率、标化死亡率、构成比、死因顺位、潜在减寿年数(PYLL)及潜在减寿率(PYLLR)。利用χ2检验比较不同性别死亡率的差异。结果 2017—2018年全市共报告伤害死亡5 484例,伤害死亡率为51.18/10万,标化死亡率为40.20/10万。男性伤害死亡率为67.85/10万,女性伤害死亡率为33.62/10万,男性死亡率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。居民伤害死亡前5位死因分别为道路交通事故(33.66%)、意外跌落(27.06%)、溺水(9.97%)、自杀(9.45%)和意外中毒(5.71%),占伤害死亡总数的85.85%。年龄别伤害死因中,0~14岁组前5位死因为溺水、道路交通事故、意外的机械性窒息、意外跌落和意外中毒;15~39岁年龄组前5位死因为道路交通事故、意外跌落、溺水、自杀和意外中毒;40~64岁年龄组前5位死因分别为道路交通事故、意外中毒、意外跌落、触电和自杀;65岁及以上年龄组前5位死因分别为意外跌落、道路交通事故、溺水、自杀和意外中毒。绵阳市居民PYLL前5位伤害死因依次为道路交通事故(18 778人年)、意外跌落(7 740人年)、溺水(6 580人年)、自杀(4 537人年)和意外中毒(3 261人年),PYLLR依次为3.71‰、1.53‰、1.30‰、0.90‰和0.18‰。结论伤害死亡是导致居民早死的重要原因,男性伤害死亡率高于女性,不同年龄段的伤害首位死因不同,需要采取针对不同重点人群的伤害预防干预措施,以有效降低伤害死亡带来的疾病负担。

Objective To study the injury death characteristics and disease burden in Mianyang city from 2017 to 2018,and to provide the suggestion for preventing and controlling the injury. Methods The information was from "the injury death information,death cause registration management information system,China disease prevention and control information system". The root cause of death was coded according to the international classification of Diseases-10(ICD-10). The software SPSS 17.0 and Excel 2003 were used to calculate the crude mortality,standardized mortality,constituent ratio,rank order of death causes,potential years of life lost(PYLL) and potential years of life lost rate(PYLLR). The χ~2 test was used to compare the difference of mortality between male and female. Results A total of 5 484 injury deaths in Mianyang city from 2017 to 2018 were reported,and the injury mortality was 51.18/105,the standardized mortality was 40.20/105. The injury mortality(67.85/105) in males was significantly higher than that(33.62/105) in females(P<0.01). The top five rank order of injury death causes in residents were the traffic accidents(33.66%),accidental falls(27.06%),drowning(9.97%),suicide(9.45%) and accidental poisoning(5.71%),accounting for85.85% of the total number of injuries. Among the causes of age-specific injury,the top five causes of death in the 0-14 years old group were drowning,traffic accidents,accidental mechanical asphyxia,accidental falls and accidental poisoning;the top five causes of death in the 15-39 years old group were the traffic accidents,accidental falls,drowning,suicide and accidental poisoning;the top five causes of death in the 40-64 years old group were the traffic accidents,accidental poisoning,accidental falls,electric shock and suicide;the top five causes of death in the ≥ 65 years old group were the accidental fall,traffic accidents,drowning,suicide and accidental poisoning. The top five causes of injury death of PYLL in residents were the traffic accidents(18 778 person years),accidental falls(7 740 person years),drowning(6 580 person years),suicide(4 537 person years) and accidental poisoning(3 261 person years).PYLLRs were 3.71‰,1.53‰,1.30‰,0.90‰ and 0.18‰,respectively. Conclusion The injury death is the important cause of premature death in residents. The injury mortality in males was higher than that in females;the first cause of death was different in different age groups. It is necessary to take injury prevention intervention measures for different key population groups to effectively reduce the disease burden caused by injury death.