广西永福县长寿老人认知功能调查及影响因素分析

Investigation on Cognitive Function of Longevity Elderly in Yongfu County of Guangxi and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors

目的调查广西永福县长寿人群认知功能情况并分析影响因素。方法2010年至2017年对广西永福地区长寿老年人(年龄≥90岁)采用入户问卷方式调查长寿老人一般情况,采用简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)、日常生活能力评定量表(ADL)了解长寿老人的智力及生活能力;采用体检及抽血的方式检测长寿老人的身高、体重、血压、体重指数(BMI)、血脂、血糖情况。分析各指标与长寿老人认知功能的关联,并采用多因素logistic回归分析对认知功能的危险因素进行分析。结果共调查广西永福地区235例长寿老年人,其中认知功能障碍126人,调查发现该地区长寿人群认知功能障碍患病粗率为53.61%,具有较高的认知障碍患病率。女性老人认知功能障碍患病率高于男性老人,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=13.853,P<0.001),离婚/丧偶老人的患病率高于已婚老人(χ^2=4.014,P<0.05);文化程度低的老人认知障碍患病率高于文化程度高的老人,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=30.815,P<0.001);日常生活能力低下的老人患病率高于日常生活能力正常的老人,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=40.752,P<0.001)。其他因素如年龄、血脂、血糖、血压、IBM因素无差异。通过多因素Logistic回归分析发现广西永福县长寿人群的认知功能与低日常生活能力(OR=4.871,95%Cl 2.576~9.213)、低文化程度(OR=7.309,95%Cl 1.356~39.381)相关。90~94岁和95~105岁年龄组对比认知功能的记忆力、注意力与计算力能力方面随增龄下降有统计学意义(t值分别为0.032和0.031,P<0.05)。结论广西永福县长寿人群具有较高的认知障碍患病率,认知功能中记忆力、注意力及计算力随增龄下降,低日常生活能力及低文化程度因素是影响认知功能的危险因素。

Objective To investigate the cognitive function of longevity population in Yongfu County,Guangxi Province and analyze the influencing factors.Methods From 2010 to 2017,the general situation of long-lived elderly people(≥90 years old)in Yongfu District of Guangxi was investigated by household questionnaire,and their intelligence and life ability were understood by MMSE and ADL,and their height,weight,blood pressure were measured by physical examination and blood sampling Body mass index(BMI),blood lipid and blood glucose.The relationship between the indexes and cognitive function of the elderly was analyzed,and the risk factors of cognitive function were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 235 elderly people(≥90 years old)in Yongfu District of Guangxi were investigated,including 126 people with cognitive impairment.The survey found that the prevalence rate of cognitive impairment was 53.61%,with a high prevalence rate of cognitive impairment.Among them,the prevalence of cognitive impairment of female elderly was higher than that of male elderly,the difference was statistically significant(χ^2=13.853,P<0.001),the prevalence of divorced/widowed elderly was higher than that of married elderly(χ^2=,4.014,P<0.05);the prevalence of cognitive impairment of the elderly with low education level was higher than that of the elderly with high education level,The difference was statistically significant(χ^2=30.815,P<0.001);the prevalence of the elderly with low ability of daily life was higher than that of the elderly with normal ability of daily life,the difference was statistically significant(χ^2=40.752,P<0.001).Other factors such as age,blood lipid,blood glucose,blood pressure and IBM had no difference.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the cognitive function of the long-lived people in Yongfu county was related to their low ability of daily living(OR=4.871,95%Cl 2.576~9.213),low education level(OR=7.309,95%Cl 1.356~39.381).In the age group of 90~94 and 95~105,the ability of memory,attention and calculation of cognitive function decreased with increasing age(t value was 0.032 and 0.031 respectively,P<0.05).Conclusion Longevity population in Yongfu County,Guangxi Province has a high prevalence of cognitive impairment.The memory,attention and computational power of cognitive function decrease with age.The factors of low daily life ability and low education level are the risk factors of cognitive function.