“容易”的惯常标记用法及其类型学意义

The Habitual Marking Usage and the Typological Meaning of "Rong Yi (容易)"

汉语中“容易”标记惯常行为的用法包括对过去惯常行为的总结、一般规律或主体特征的判断和未来变化的预测三层涵义。其内部规律特征—反复性以及由此产生的量级含义对相关句法现象以及“留白提请”语用功能具有核心解释力。历时角度看,“容易”的惯常用法来源于“不费力”义形容词。跨语言调查证明,“不费力>惯常体(EASY>HABITUAL)”是一种普遍的演变模式,可作为惯常体语法化来源的类型学补充。

The habitual marking function of"rong yi"contains a specific connotation which can be analyzed at three levels:a generalization of past habitual behavior,a judgment to subject characteristics of general rules,and a prediction of future tendency.Its internal features---the recurrent syntactic feature and scalar implicature---are a key to the explanation of a variety of related linguistic phenomena and the pragmatic function of‘leaving blank’.Diachronically,the usage of habitual marking of"rong yi"originated from the the adjective"rong yi"which means'easy'.According to cross-language investigations,'easy>habitual'can be seen as a universal type of evolution pattern,which can be a further supplement to the typology source of the habitual gamaticalization.