构建中国形态的生态文明理论

Constructing an Ecological Civilization Theory in Chinese Form

从实然与应然的矛盾出发,生态文明理论可以划分为作为工具论和目的论的生态文明理论,并在当代具体展现为以生存为导向或以追求生活质量为导向、以工具理性为基础或以价值理性为基础的生态文明理论。由于研究范式和价值立场的局限,当代生态思潮和生态文明理论不仅难以解决上述矛盾,而且还在生态本体论、生态价值论等问题上产生了激烈的争论和分歧,使我国生态文明理论研究或者把生态本体论和生态价值论混淆起来,或者不注重生态本体论的研究。要阐发作为工具论和目的论内在统一的中国形态的生态文明理论的内涵与特征,必须在区分生态本体论和生态价值论的基础上,强化对马克思主义生态哲学本体论和马克思主义人类中心主义价值观的研究。作为工具论的中国形态的生态文明理论的主要职能在于解决包括中国在内的发展中国家维护自身的发展权和环境权,把以人民为中心看作是自身发展和生态文明建设的价值归宿,并能够作为一种发展观规范人们的实践行为并推进民族国家的绿色发展;作为目的论的中国形态的生态文明理论应当在人类命运共同体理念的引导下,坚持尊崇自然、顺应自然的生态文明发展理念,把推进民族国家的绿色发展与全球环境治理有机结合起来。如何以马克思主义生态哲学为理论基础,以习近平生态文明思想为指导,构建作为工具论和目的论内在统一的中国形态的生态文明理论是摆在理论工作者面前的重要课题。

Starting from the contradiction between isness and oughtness,the theory of ecological civilization can be divided into the ecological civilization theory as Instrumentalism or as Teleology,and it is shown in the contemporary time more specifically as being survival-oriented or pursuing the quality of life-oriented,and instrumental rationality based or value rationality based.Due to the limitations of research paradigms and value standpoints,contemporary ecological thoughts and ecological civilization theories not only make the above contradictions insoluble,but also lead to disputes and differences on issues such as ecological ontology and ecological axiology,making the study of ecological civilization either confuse ecological ontology and ecological axiology,or do not pay attention to the research of ecological ontology.In order to elucidate the connotation and characteristics of ecological civilization theory in Chinese form as unification of Instrumentalism and Teleology,we ought to distinguish between ecological ontology and ecological axiology as well as highlight the study of Marxist ecological philosophy ontology and Marxist anthropocentric values.The ecological civilization theory in Chinese form as Instrumentalism aims to help developing countries,including China,to maintain their own development rights and environmental rights,regards people-centeredness as the value destination of development and ecological civilization construction,and can be used as a concept of development to regulate people’s practical behaviors and promote the green development of nations.The ecological civilization theory of the Chinese form as teleology should be guided by the concept of community of common destiny for all mankind,adhere to the development concept of ecological civilization that respects and conforms to nature,and promote an organic combination of green development with global environmental governance.It has become an important issue for us to construct an ecological civilization theory in Chinese form as unification of Instrumentalism and Teleology,on the basis of Marxist ecological philosophy and with the guidance of Xi Jinping’s thoughts on ecological civilization.