孕穗期高温逆境对玉米杂交种的影响分析

Effects of High Temperature Stress at Booting Stage on Maize Hybrids

为了筛选和分析耐高温逆境能力强的夏玉米品种,利用智能温室在玉米孕穗期模拟高温气象,研究分析孕穗期高温逆境对10个夏玉米杂交种的植株性状、穗部性状、花期、可育率和理论产量等指标的影响。结果表明,高温逆境使孕穗期玉米的株高和穗位高变高,抽雄期、吐丝期和散粉期滞后,抽雄至散粉间隔期缩短,雌雄间隔期延长,穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、穗粒数、穗粒重、可育率和理论产量下降。通过对不同玉米品种在孕穗期高温逆境下的性状表现及其变化的差异分析和聚类分析,试验品种的耐高温热害能力由强到弱表现为:漯玉336>漯玉16>阳光98>郑单958>豫丰3358>先玉335>阳光99>漯青19>漯玉172>漯玉171。

In order to screen and analyze summer maize varieties with high temperature tolerance, intelligent greenhouse was used to simulate high temperature weather at maize booting stage. To study and analyze the effects of high temperature stress at booting stage on the different plant characters namely ear characters, florescence stage, fertility rate and theoretical yield, ten summer maize hybrids were used. The results showed that the high temperature stress at booting stage caused higher plant height and ear height, delayed period of stamen growth, pistil growth and pollen dispersal, shortened the interval between tasseling and powdering, prolonged the period of male and female separation, and decreased ear length, ear diameter, ear row number, row grain number, ear grain number, ear grain weight, fertility rate and theoretical yield. Through different analysis and cluster analysis for performances and changes of different varieties under high temperature stress at booting stage, high temperature resistance of the tested varieties was from strong to weak: Luoyu 336 > Luoyu 16 > Yangguang 98 > Zhengdan 958 > Yufeng 3358 > Xianyu 335 > Yangguang 99 > Luoqing 19 > Luoyu 172 > Luoyu 171.