父母物质惩罚对儿童睡眠质量问题的影响:主观幸福感的中介作用及友谊质量的调节作用

The Effect of Parent’s Material Punishment on Sleep Quality Problem of Children:The Mediate Effect of Well-Being and The Moderate Effect of Friendship Quality Problem

为探讨父母物质惩罚与儿童睡眠质量问题的关系及其作用机制,采用问卷法对438名小学生进行调查。结果发现:(1)父母物质惩罚与儿童主观幸福感显著负相关、与睡眠质量问题显著正相关;(2)父母物质惩罚既能直接正向预测儿童睡眠质量问题,也能通过主观幸福感的中介预测睡眠质量问题;(3)友谊质量能在父母物质惩罚对睡眠质量问题的直接作用及对儿童睡眠问题的中介作用中起到调节,在高友谊质量下,父母物质惩罚对睡眠质量问题的直接预测作用以及主观幸福感的中介作用都不显著。研究结果揭示了父母物质惩罚对儿童睡眠质量问题的影响及其作用机制,能为提高儿童的幸福感及降低睡眠质量问题提供有效启示。

With the rapid development of social economy, the environment of children changes a lot, which brings about great pressure to children sleep quality. Sleep quality problem has a huge impact on children’s physical and mental health. Previous studies have proven that sleep quality can effectively predict students’ academic performance. Since sleep quality is an essential factor for children, it is of great importance to pay more research attention on children sleep quality problem.Parenting style may be an essential factor affecting children’s sleep quality problem. Parents are increasingly inclined to use material things to shape their children’s behavior and express their love, which is defined as material parenting. Material punishment which is a special manifestation of parental punishment and a typical kind of material parenting, includes taking a valued possession from the child, either temporarily or permanently, as a consequence for a misdeed or failure. The negative impact of material punishment on children has been confirmed by many studies. Material punishment may be an essential stress for children. It is difficult for children to avoid such pressure through their own adjustment and efforts. Moreover, as a daily stress event accumulated over a long period of time, the negative effect of material punishment may be far more than a single negative life event. Researchers revealed that stress can lead to bad sleep quality. Therefore, material punishment may result in children’s sleep quality problem. Few research, however, has investigated the underlying mediating mechanism(i.e. how material punishment influences sleep quality) and moderating mechanism(i.e. when material punishment influences sleep quality) in the association between parental material punishment and children sleep quality problem. Thus, the present study would examine the mediating role of children’s subjective well-being in the relationship between material punishment and sleep quality problem, and test whether the indirect effect would be moderated by friendship quality of children.A sample of 438 primary school students completed a battery of self-report questionnaires measuring parent’s material punishment, sleep quality problem, subjective well-being, and friendship quality. All the measures showed good reliability and validity in the present study. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and the SPSS macro PROCESS which was specifically developed for assessing the complex models including both mediators and moderators.The results indicated:(1) After controlling for gender, grade and FAS, material punishment significantly exerted direct effect on sleep quality problem and indirect effect on sleep quality problem through the mediation of subjective well-being.(2) The indirect effect on sleep quality problem was moderated by friendship quality with the direct and indirect effect being more potent in children with low friendship quality than in children with high friendship quality.These findings highlight the mediating role of subjective well-being and the moderating role of friendship quality in the effect of material punishment on subjective well-being. It may contribute to a better understanding of the effect of material punishment. Moreover, it can also provide constructive suggestions for protecting and improve subjective well-being and sleep quality of children.