一代大儒熊十力“狂”者人格的心理传记学研究

A Psychobiography Study on the Great Confucian Shili Xiong’s “Mad” Personality

本文采用心理传记学方法对熊十力人格进行研究。明确了熊十力在家庭、人际关系和学术中"狂"者人格表现;从地缘环境、家庭环境与遗传、书籍文化、同伴因素以及时代背景等方面剖析了熊十力"狂者"人格的影响因素;分析了熊十力"狂者"人格及其生涯形成的整体动力论和心理动力学原因。发现成长倾向和对父亲的深刻认同是塑造熊十力"狂者"人格和生涯走向的深层原因。

This paper explored the character of Shili Xiong from the perspective of psychobiography and discussed its multi-causes. Firstly, this paper clarified the embodiment of Shili Xiong’s "mad" personality in his career role. In terms of family, Shili showed a contradiction in intimate relationship. Influenced by native family relationships, Shili often stayed away from his family and lived alone after marriage, but he was very kind and close to students. In terms of interpersonal relationships, Shili showed a contradiction between "honest" and "impertinent". This made it easy for Shili to make friends with others, however the friendships were unstable. In academics, Shili also showed high creativity and unnormative contradictory features. Shili established the status of contemporary Neo-Confucian because of the creative establishment and development of "New Cittamatra". However, the subjective non-historical academic attitude has also been criticized.Secondly, this paper analyzed five reasons of Shili Xiong’s "mad" personality. In geopolitical environment, Shili’s hometown has been a cultural town since ancient times. There are countless heroes and scholars. For a long time, it has formed atmosphere that respected "mad" personality. In family environment and genetics, Shili’s ancestors were scholar. Shili’s father was a person who had deep knowledge but did not attach importance to the imperial examinations. He was a person who was sympathetic to the weak and hated to be bullying. Shili not only inherited the high IQ from the ancestors who was good at reading, but also was influenced by his father in personality. In books and culture, Shili loved patriotic tragic and heroical stories. The protagonists were characterized by heroism, patriotism, and self-giving. This protagonist played a role model for Shili. In terms of companions, He Zixin, Wang Han and He Yuge were important companions of little Shili. The three were patriotic revolutionary patriots, full of ambitions and talents. Shili was often unconsciously influenced by them. In his lifetime, the turbulent social environment was conducive to the development of the "mad" personality.From the perspective of overall dynamics and psychological dynamics, the performance of "mad" personality of Shili Xiong was very consistent with the characteristics of self-realizer. The positive growth environment since childhood gave Shili a sense of security, and it also made him constantly under the traction of growth power and eventually developed into self-realizer. "Mad" personality was to a large extent the driving force of Shili’s career development;and it also provided a constant internal motivation for the high creativity of academic career. Another point was that Shili liked to eat meat. This was a kind of compensatory behavior and a relative dissatisfaction of physiological needs. However, this degree of dissatisfaction did not hinder Shili from generating high-level needs and self-realization. Then, Shili ’s career was deeply influenced by his father. His strong identification with his father was the root of his firm "commitment to academics" belief. Thus, the growth tendency and deep recognition of the father was the key reason for shaping the personality and career direction of Shili’s "mad" personality.