张季鸾职业追求与理念的演进与转变

Evolution and Shifts of Zhang Jiluan’s Career Pursuits and Concepts

张季鸾新闻生涯的不同阶段对新闻职业有不同理念、追求。在其新闻生涯的第一个时期,他以言论自由为标榜,显现出民初记者共有的激烈批评、无惧无畏、放言无忌之特点,但同时又已显现出一定程度的对新闻言论应理性、克制的认识与追求。新记《大公报》创办到全面抗战爆发前,在总结、反思民初新闻界乱象基础上,他以“不党、不私、不卖、不盲”为基本理念,着力追求新闻职业的专业化和职业权威建构。全面抗战爆发后,在以笔抗战、为抗战而宣传的目标下,其新闻职业理念、追求发生了由前一时期强调独立、自由、理性、客观向以笔抗战、为抗战而宣传的转变,其对记者角色、报人使命、新闻业职责及言论自由等的认识也相应发生翻转性的变化。驱动这一切变化的核心动因是,其作为近现代新闻人的新闻救国理想与报国情怀。

Zhang Jiluan held different concepts and pursuits for journalism in different stages of his journalistic career.In the first stage,he boosted freedom of speech through fierce criticism,fearlessness and outspokenness as the journalists did in the early Republic of China on the one hand,and on the other,he showed a certain cognition and pursuit for rationality and restraint of speech.In the stage from the launching of Ta Kung Pao to the outbreak of the War of Resistance in 1937,he summarized and reflected on the chaos in the press in the early Republic of China,and took“no party,no self-interest,no deal and no blindness”as fundamental principles in order to pursue professionalization and authority of journalism.In the War of Resistance,his concepts and pursuits of journalism shifted from emphasizing independence,freedom,rationality and objectivity to resisting with pen and publicizing for the resistance.His cognition of reporter’s role,journalistic mission,responsibilities and speech freedom also underwent thorough changes.The core impetus of these changes was his ideal of saving and serving the nation with journalism as a modern journalist.