论人力资本集聚对劳动力市场的影响

On the Influence of Human Capital Agglomeration on Labor Market

人力资本水平的高低会影响一个地区的经济增长水平,人力资本集聚的程度又会影响一个地区的人力资本的水平和质量,并对该地区的劳动力市场产生影响。从微观层面构建工作拍卖模型对雇主和劳动者在人力资本集聚下的行为决策和匹配收益进行描述,在宏观层面引入城市综合成本的幂函数,建立起统一的评估框架,以雇主和劳动者各方参与人迁移到城市的边界条件来刻画劳动力市场的规模、结构和紧张程度。再以京津冀地区为例,选取10个节点城市进行实证评估。研究结果显示:京津冀地区人力资本集聚的空间特征存在明显的异质性。作为京津冀地区的双核心城市,北京、天津持续进行劳动力市场的规模控制,优化结构,逐步显现出城市演化的高级形态,具有精明收缩的空间特征。与北京、天津两个城市相比较,河北省各个城市的人力资本集聚的规模、结构和空间弹性指标偏低,京津冀地区间的劳动力市场供需结构存在空间失衡问题。

The level of human capital will affect the economic growth of a region, and the degree of human capital agglomeration will affect the level and quality of human capital in a region as well as the labor market of the region. The author undertakes to set up a job auction model in the micro-view to describe the behavior decision-making and income-matching of employers and workers under the concentration of human capital. At the macro level, the power function of urban comprehensive cost is introduced to establish a unified evaluation framework. The scale, structure and tension of the labor market are characterized by the boundary conditions of employers’ and workers’ migrating to the city. Taking Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region as an example, the 10 node cities are selected for empirical evaluation. The results show that: there is obvious heterogeneity in the spatial characteristics of human capital agglomeration in these regions. As the dual core cities in the region, Beijing and Tianjin continue to control the scale of the labor market, optimize the structure, and gradually show the advanced form of urban evolution, with the spatial characteristics of smart contraction. Compared with Beijing and Tianjin, the scale, structure and spatial elasticity index of human capital agglomeration in Hebei Province are lower, and there is spatial imbalance in the supply and demand structure of labor market between Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.