2019年全国监测医院辐射防护用品配备及放射工作人员职业健康管理现状

Allocation of radiation protection equipment and status of occupational health management for radiation workers in investigated hospitals nationwide in 2019

目的调查我国放射诊疗机构辐射防护用品配备及放射工作人员职业健康管理情况。方法根据"全国放射卫生信息系统"(职业性放射性疾病与职业健康监测子系统)2019年的监测数据,对监测医院上报的数据进行描述性分析。结果2019年共监测3806家医院,其中三级医院609家(16.00%),二级医院1421家(37.34%),一级及未定级医院1776家(46.66%)。不同级别监测医院放射工作人员数量相差较大,三级医院放射工作人员平均99人,二级医院和一级及未定级医院分别为19和2人。高风险岗位的介入与核医学工作人员人均配备铅橡胶围裙分别为0.40和0.43件,铅橡胶帽子分别为0.27和0.31件,铅橡胶颈套分别为0.38和0.45件,铅橡胶手套分别为0.18和0.08副,铅防护眼镜分别为0.31和0.22副。开展放射治疗的医院中有15.25%未配置个人剂量报警仪,27.90%未配置辐射巡测仪。监测医院中,《放射工作人员证》的持证率为88.13%,有83.69%的放射工作人员参加了岗中辐射防护知识培训,个人剂量监测率为99.20%,监测的放射工作人员中,发现年个人剂量Hp(10)≥20 mSv人员占0.40%,职业健康监护档案的建档率为98.05%,在岗人员职业健康检查率为96.00%,参加2019年在岗体检的76627名放射工作人员中,有0.88%和0.11%的体检结论分别为建议暂时脱离放射工作岗位和不宜继续从事放射工作。结论我国放射工作人员个人剂量监测率和职业健康检查率较高,放射诊疗机构应增加辐射监测设备和个人防护用品的配置。

Objective To investigate the allocation of radiation protection equipment and status of radiological protection management for radiation workers in hospitals nationwide.Methods A descriptive analysis was conducted of the data reported from the investigated hospitals based the data for 2019 available from the National Radiological Health Information Platform.Results A total of 3806 hospitals were investigated in 2019,including 609 tertiary hospitals,1421 secondary hospitals,1776 primary and ungraded hospitals.Large differences had been shown in the number of radiation workers in different grade hospitals.The average number of radiation workers were found to be,respectively,99 in tertiary hospitals,19 in secondary hospitals,2 in primary and/or ungraded hospitals.Interventional radiology and nuclear medicine workers were equipped seperately with 0.40 and 0.43 pieces of lead apron,0.27 and 0.31 lead caps,0.38 and 0.45 lead rubber neck sleeves,0.18 and 0.08 pairs of lead rubber gloves and 0.31 and 0.22 pairs of lead glasses.No personal alarming dosimeter was available in 15.25%hospitals where radiotherapy was performed,nor radiation surveillance meter in 27.90%such hospitals.In the hospitals considered,88.13%workers were granted the Radiation Worker Cetificate and 83.69%received the on-the-job radiation protection training.The number of monitored workers accounted for 99.20%,of which 0.40%received the personal annual dose Hp(10)≥20 mSv.The occupational health surveillance files that had been completed reached 98.05%of the total and the on-the-job radiation workers who had passed the occupational health examination made up to 96.00%.It was advised that,of 76627 radiation workers who received the 2019 health examination,0.88%should get out of radiation work for the being time and 0.11%should not continue for this work.Conclusions The considerably large proportion of radiation workers in China have received individual dose monitoring and occupational health examination.Radiological diagnosis and therapy departments should enlarge the allocation of radiation monitoring and personal protection equipment for radiaton workers in their hospitals.