循环牵张应力影响人牙周膜细胞成骨分化机制的研究进展

Advances in mechanisms for osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells induced by cyclic tensile stress

正畸牙齿移动(OTM)是一个相当复杂的力学-生物学过程,其生物学基础是机械力介导下的牙周组织改建,表现为牙周膜压力侧的骨吸收和张力侧的骨沉积。人类牙周膜细胞(hPDLCs)具有分化为成骨细胞的能力,并且在维持体内稳态和牙周组织再生中起着重要作用。现今已有许多研究利用循环牵张应力(CTS)模拟正畸过程中的机械刺激是如何诱导张力侧hPDLCs向成骨细胞的分化过程。本文将综述hPDLCs作为应力感应细胞对力学信号做出初级感应,通过不同信号转导通路将初级信号转化为下游信号,调控hPDLCs基因表达及蛋白合成进而调控hPDLCs成骨分化,促进骨改建过程中如何响应CTS刺激,并着重于机械信号转导所涉及的分子信号及通路研究进展,为临床实施有效正畸牙齿移动,缩短正畸时间,提高正畸效率提供理论基础,并为正畸牙移动相关机制研究提供参考。

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a complex mechanical-biological mechanism,which is biologically based on mechanical-mediated periodontal tissue remodelling.Bone resorption on the pressure side and bone deposition on the tension side of the periodontal ligament could be observed.Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were found to support osteogenic differentiation and periodontal tissue regeneration and maintain homeostasis.At present,many studies have used cyclic tension stress (CTS) for mechanical stimulation during orthodontic treatment to understand the osteogenic differentiation of tension-side hPDLCs.In this review,we will probe into how hPDLCs,as mechanosensitive cells,create initial induction to mechanical signals and then convert primary signals into downstream signals via different mechanotransduction signal pathways.After mechanosensitive cells are regulated,gene expression and protein synthesis are performed.Finally,the paradentium implements bone remodelling.Therefore,this review focuses on the molecular signals and pathways involved in this mechanical signal transduction to discuss how hPDLCs biologically respond to CTS stimulation.This review can provide theoretical evidence for shortening orthodontic treatment time and possible insights into the mechanisms of OTM for further studies.