美国气候政策之争的多视角分析

A Multi-Perspective Analysis of the US Climate Policy Debate

1988年夏,在历史罕见的热浪中,NASA气候科学家詹姆斯·汉森在美国参议院听证会上关于全球变暖的证词引起了全世界的高度关注,此后,随着IPCC的建立以及数年一次的IPCC报告的发布,全球变暖逐渐成为国际社会关注的焦点问题。全球变暖看似一个不争的事实,但背后隐藏着经济、政治、文化等多方因素的角逐。在美国,针对气候变暖是否发生、是否应该采取措施应对以及采取什么样的措施应对一直存在争议。这个争议的背后隐藏着多方面因素,本文从环保组织与能源利益集团之间的博弈、两党政治、三权分立与政府治理以及科学评估与国内国际政策制订等视角对美国的气候政策争论进行了分析,阐明了美国气候政策莫衷一是的深层原因。

In the summer of 1988,in a rare heat wave,NASA climate scientist James Hansen’s testimony on global warming at the U.S.Senate hearing attracted worldwide attention.Since then,with the establishment of the IPCC and the release of the annual IPCC report,global warming has gradually become the focus of international attention.Global warming seems to be an indisputable fact,but behind it lies the competition of economic,political,cultural and other factors.In the United States,there has been controversy over whether or not climate warming occurs,whether or not measures should be taken to deal with it,and what measures should be taken to deal with it.There are many factors behind this controversy.From the perspectives of game between environmental protection organizations and energy interest groups,bipartisan politics,separation of powers and government governance,scientific assessment and domestic and international policy formulation,this paper analyses the controversy over American climate policy,and clarifies the deep reasons for the divergence of American climate policy.