理论应然与实践必然:人与自然、科学与人文的新对话

Theory and Practice Inevitable: A New Dialogue Between Man and Nature, Science and Humanity

理性关注人与自然、科学与人文之间的分离与融合问题,乃是科学展开自我反思的结果。基于哲学层面的反思,源自休谟对"是"和"应当"之间的区分;基于文化形而上学层面的反思,正是马克思对人类实践活动的整体性把握和关于自然的人化的论述。人与自然、科学与人文的融合是必然的趋势,科学精神是人文精神的基础,人文精神规范科学精神。在深刻理解二者关系的前提下,正确理解马克思主义。马克思主义实践观,首先是科学的,但它又是处于人文层面的,是有关于人的解放与自由发展的学说。马克思主义实践观强调,科学的资本主义应用是导致人与自然、科学与人文对立的社会历史根源,其在协调人与自然、科学与人文关系问题上具有现实的指导意义。

Rational concern about the separation and integration between man and nature,between science and humanities is the result of science self-reflection.The reflection based on the philosophical level originates from Hume’s distinction between "yes" and "should",and the reflection based on the cultural metaphysical level is precisely Marx’s overall grasp of human practical activities and his exposition on the humanization of nature.The integration of man and nature,science and humanities is an inevitable trend,the scientific spirit is the foundation of the humanistic spirit,and the humanistic spirit standardizes the scientific spirit.Under the premise of deeply understanding the relationship between them,we should correctly understand Marxism.Marxist view of practice,first of all,is scientific,but in the humanistic level,it is about the liberation and free development of human theory.Marxist view of practice emphasizes that the capitalist application of science is the social and historical root of the opposition between man and nature,science and humanities,and it has practical guiding significance in coordinating the relationship between nature,science and humanities.