新比较观视域下的中国科技体制再研究

On China's science and technology system from the new comparative view

国家的科技创新成效与其科技体制有重要关系。评判科技体制的优劣,往往需要使用科技体制比较观。传统的两大科技体制比较观——"外国坐标"比较观和"中国本位"比较观均只就科技体制本身而论,忽略了不同国家的文化差异,因而给评判结果带来误差。"文化簇"的新比较观对评判中国科技体制更加适用。高度集中的科技体制与中国大一统的历史传统、社会主义革命和建设时期的科技成就具有紧密关联性。国家重点支持的、大规模集中的科学体制是与现代科技特征相适应的体制,是现阶段中国深化科技体制改革、实施非对称赶超战略的重要举措。

The effectiveness of any country’s scientific and technological innovation is closely related to its science and technology system. To judge the system of science and technology often needs to use a comparative view. The two traditional views of comparison(foreign coordinates and China standard) focus on the science and technology system but ignore cultural differences, bringing errors to evaluation results. The new comparative view of cultural manifold is more suitable for judging China’s science and technology system. China’s highly centralized science and technology system is closely related to the historical tradition of it’s unification and scientific and technological achievements in the periods of socialist revolution and construction. A scientific system that is supported by the state and centralized on a large scale is compatible with the characteristics of modern science and technology. It is also an important measure to deepen the reform of science and technology system and implement an asymmetric catching-up strategy.