从“理性的人”到“游戏的人”:游戏的意义理论研究

From“Homo Sapien”to“Homo Ludens”:a Theoretical Study on the Signification of Game

游戏既是一种指向自身的意义形式,也是人存在于世的基本方式。自古以来,很多中西方学者都对游戏提出了不同的学说。从康德、席勒作为审美的游戏,到麦克卢汉、斯蒂芬森的游戏媒介观,再到数字时代的游戏控制论,游戏的意义经历了从无外在目的的追求自由,到作为人社会自我的延伸,再到可能产生负面异化效应的过程。这种意义的发展和转变背后既有技术与文化的演进逻辑,也隐含着意识与存在的哲学命题。游戏的过程同时也是意义的生成过程,其中包含了游戏者对自我意图的传达、对他人行为的反应和对整个情境的解释。一旦参与者进入同一游戏场域,无论是物质环境还是虚拟世界,他们都在游戏规则支配下使用同一套符码,共享同一个意义世界。

Gaming is not only a form of self-signifying,but also the basic way of human being’s existence in the world.Since ancient times,many Chinese and Western scholars have put forward different theories on games.From Kant and Schiller’s aesthetic game,to McLuhan and Stephenson’s game media,then game cybernetics in the digital age,the game has experienced the process from the pursuit of freedom without external purpose,to the extension as human social self,then to a process that may lead to negative alienation effects.Behind the development and transformation of this meaning,it exists not only the evolutionary logic of technology and culture,but also implies the philosophical semiotic proposition of consciousness and existence.Playing the game is also the process of generating meaning,which includes the player’s intentional meaning,reaction to others and context interpretation.Once participants enter the same game field,whether in the physical environment or in the virtual world,they all use the same set of codes and share the same meaning world governed by the rules of the game.